23 Questions
Which law governs biochemical energy conversions?
Second law of thermodynamics
What provides energy for organisms through oxidation-reduction reactions?
Flow of electrons
What does entropy, S, primarily signify?
Randomness and disorder
What is the equation for Gibbs free energy, G?
$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$
What do living cells invest to order subunits within biomolecules?
Chemical energy
What state is maintained by organisms to achieve a constant composition?
Dynamic steady state
What provides the amount of energy capable of doing work during a reaction at constant temperature and pressure?
Enthalpy
What do organisms transform from their surroundings?
Both energy and matter
Which type of reactions provide energy for organisms?
Exothermic reactions
What does the second law of thermodynamics primarily address?
Entropy and disorder
What does the constant composition within organisms result from?
Dynamic steady state
What provides the potential for energy to do work in a system?
Enthalpy
What is the equation for the change in Gibbs free energy, $\Delta G$, in terms of enthalpy, temperature, and entropy?
$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$
What does a negative value of $\Delta G$ indicate for a process?
Spontaneous process
What is the primary significance of entropy, S, in a system?
Randomness or disorder
What measures the spontaneity of a reaction at standard conditions?
$K_{eq}, \Delta G^\circ$
What is the high-energy compound involved in phosphoryl group transfers and ATP?
ATP
For hydrolysis reactions with large, negative free energy changes, why are the products more stable than the reactants?
Bond strain in reactants due to electrostatic repulsion is relieved by charge separation
What is the enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP, and AMP)?
Adenylate kinase
What is a potential phosphoryl group donor in living systems?
Inorganic polyphosphate
What process involves coupling highly exergonic reactions through phosphoryl group transfer potential?
Bioenergetics
What is the primary significance of the magnitude of $\Delta G$ in a chemical reaction?
Depends on the particular chemical reaction and how far from equilibrium the system is initially
What is the energy change as the system moves from its initial state to equilibrium?
$\Delta G$
Test your knowledge of the physical foundations of biochemistry with this quiz. Explore topics such as energy conversion, photosynthesis, respiration, thermodynamics, and the maintenance of constant composition within organisms. Ideal for students and enthusiasts of biochemistry and related fields.
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