Physical Foundations of Biochemistry Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which law governs biochemical energy conversions?

  • First law of thermodynamics
  • Second law of thermodynamics (correct)
  • Law of conservation of mass
  • Law of definite proportions

    • What provides energy for organisms through oxidation-reduction reactions?

  • Flow of positrons
  • Flow of protons
  • Flow of electrons (correct)
  • Flow of neutrons

    • What does entropy, S, primarily signify?

  • Randomness and disorder (correct)
  • Order and organization
  • Molecular stability
  • Energy potential

    • What is the equation for Gibbs free energy, G?

    <p>$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do living cells invest to order subunits within biomolecules?

    <p>Chemical energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What state is maintained by organisms to achieve a constant composition?

    <p>Dynamic steady state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides the amount of energy capable of doing work during a reaction at constant temperature and pressure?

    <p>Enthalpy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do organisms transform from their surroundings?

    <p>Both energy and matter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reactions provide energy for organisms?

    <p>Exothermic reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the second law of thermodynamics primarily address?

    <p>Entropy and disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the constant composition within organisms result from?

    <p>Dynamic steady state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides the potential for energy to do work in a system?

    <p>Enthalpy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for the change in Gibbs free energy, $\Delta G$, in terms of enthalpy, temperature, and entropy?

    <p>$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a negative value of $\Delta G$ indicate for a process?

    <p>Spontaneous process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of entropy, S, in a system?

    <p>Randomness or disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measures the spontaneity of a reaction at standard conditions?

    <p>$K_{eq}, \Delta G^\circ$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the high-energy compound involved in phosphoryl group transfers and ATP?

    <p>ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For hydrolysis reactions with large, negative free energy changes, why are the products more stable than the reactants?

    <p>Bond strain in reactants due to electrostatic repulsion is relieved by charge separation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP, and AMP)?

    <p>Adenylate kinase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential phosphoryl group donor in living systems?

    <p>Inorganic polyphosphate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves coupling highly exergonic reactions through phosphoryl group transfer potential?

    <p>Bioenergetics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of the magnitude of $\Delta G$ in a chemical reaction?

    <p>Depends on the particular chemical reaction and how far from equilibrium the system is initially (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy change as the system moves from its initial state to equilibrium?

    <p>$\Delta G$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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