Physical Education Goal Setting Quiz

EDKP 396 McGill Notes Fall 2021 Summary

• Adapted Physical Activity (APA)

• Comorbidity: More than one disability in an individual.

• What is APA?: Corrective Therapy, Adapted Physical Education, Special Physical Education, Adapted Physical Activity.

• APA is individualized and adapted for the participant's needs.

• APA includes a variety of activities, including sports, skills, fitness activities, games, gardening, sailing, etc.

• APA has a chronological order: Corrective Therapy → Special Physical Ed → Adapted Physical Ed → Adapted Physical Activity.

• Historical Perspectives of people with disabilities discussed in the final (Slide 9)

• Four Paradigms/Approaches of APA for people with disabilities.

  • Facilities-based approach – during the early 20th century, patients experienced neglect, isolation, and lack of dignity, and were viewed from the medical model as “sick or broken.”
  • Service-based approach – emerged in the 1950s, with special programs and services for people with disabilities.
  • Supports-based approach – began in the 1980s, prompted by Sherrill and others. This approach emphasized individual differences and not the disability. APA spans from pre-school to geriatrics.
  • Empowerment and Self-determination approach – major life decisions become the responsibility of the individual.

• 1940s-1960s, emphasis on physical rehabilitation, posture, and fitness (largely for physical disabilities).

• People with intellectual disabilities were institutionalized in the 1960s.

• Disabled people were often perceived as feeble.

• Corrective Therapy → pertaining to people with disabilities = could not be included in everyday Phys Ed. Class.

• Impact of injured war veterans on rehabilitation programs for people with physical disabilities.

• Development of Special Olympics in Canada in the mid-1970s.

• Civil rights movements of the 1960s & the fight for rights for people with disabilities.

• Supports-based approach emerged in the 1980s.

• Problems reside in "person-environment" interaction: not solely on the person, extra support allows people to function in the environment.

• APA emphasizes individual differences, moving from segregated to inclusive environments.

• Duncan Wyeth – looked at Braille on elevators, flashing lights on fire alarms, ramps to improve access.

• Self-determined Physical Activity is the ultimate goal for all citizens, including people with disabilities.

• Definitions of APA: Corrective Therapy, Adapted Physical Education, Adapted Physical Activity

• APA is a cross-disciplinary body of knowledge. This means it involves many professions like doctors, social workers, music therapists, etc.

• A focus on individual differences.

• APA is a program characterized by accommodation.

• Goal of EDKP 396/APA:

  • Provide effective and meaningful PA experiences for people with disabilities.
  • Understanding bigger picture, more contemporary view of APA.
  • Provide self-determined activity for all people regardless of their individual differences.

• Table 2.1 in the Summary reflects the adaptation of paradigms – details will need to be reviewed for exam.

• Roles in APA as KIN or PE specialists provide advocacy and support to provide activities for all people.

• Direct service providers teach students in inclusive settings.

• Identification of Resources (organizations, professionals, equipment, programs, etc.)

• Construct vs Categorical Approaches:

  • Construct → pertains to self-determination.
  • Categorical → pertains to disability.

• Methods of Task Analysis,

• Sequential

• Discrete steps with one or more of which may have issues

• Developmental

• Learning Objectives that are reflective of normal growth and development patterns

• Hierarchy

• Based on Developmental approach

• Ecological

• Focus on the task, the environment, and the learner.

• Summary and review of different categories, constructs - need to be reviewed for exams.