Physical Changes in Matter

A change in the shape or appearance of a substance, without changing its chemical composition.

A physical change that can be reversed to return the substance to its original state.

A three-dimensional arrangement of particles in a regular pattern.

The process of changing from a liquid to a gas.

The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas.

The process where a gas changes to a liquid.

The process where a solid directly changes into a gas without becoming a liquid.

The process where a solid changes to a liquid.

A substance that easily turns into a gas (vaporizes) at room temperature.

Heating a liquid to the point where it rapidly changes into a gas.

Cooling a liquid to change it into a solid.

The gaseous form of a substance that is normally a solid or liquid at room temperature.

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. It is made up of only one type of atom.

A substance formed when two or more different elements combine chemically in a fixed ratio.

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

The rhythmic, wavelike contractions of smooth muscles in the digestive tract that move food along.

A chronic lung disease that causes damage to the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe.

The movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

The smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element. Everything is made of atoms.

A molecule composed of two atoms of the same element, bonded together.

An element in Group 18 of the periodic table, known for being unreactive.

Horizontal rows in the periodic table, called periods, which organize elements based on their number of electron shells.

The substances that go into a chemical reaction and are changed.

A protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.

The main organ of digestion, where food is churned and broken down.

A system of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

Wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

The components of blood primarily responsible for fighting infections.

A green pigment in plants that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.

Plant tissue that transports water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant.

A disease affecting the heart, blood vessels, or blood.

The process by which plants lose water through small openings on their leaves.

Filtering blood, producing bile, storing energy, and detoxifying harmful substances.

A rigid outer layer of plant cells, made mainly of cellulose.

An element is a pure substance made of only one type of atom, while a compound is formed by combining two or more different elements.

Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) turning directly into gas, without becoming a liquid.

Three main types: combustion (burning), oxidation (rusting), decomposition (breaking down).

Taking in oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, and regulating blood pH.

Shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness.

The heart, a four-chambered organ, pumps blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients.

The movement of water across the cell membrane from areas of high water concentration to areas of low concentration.

Stomata in plants control gas exchange (taking in CO2, releasing O2) and water loss (transpiration).

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Xylem transports water and nutrients upwards, phloem transports sugar downwards.

A leaf's broad surface and chloroplasts allow it to capture sunlight for photosynthesis.

Physical digestion breaks down food mechanically, chemical digestion uses enzymes to break down molecules.

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange (oxygen in, CO2 out) takes place.

A condition where plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart, causing chest pain, shortness of breath, and heart attacks.

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to make sugar, cellular respiration breaks down sugar to release energy.