Phys 115 Exam 1: Earth Science Spheres & Scientific Reasoning
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Questions and Answers

What is the correct definition of a mineral?

  • Any rock formed through compaction and cementation
  • A substance that can be found in all three Earth science spheres
  • Any naturally occurring substance found on Earth's surface
  • A substance that must have a crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition (correct)

Which sphere of the Earth includes liquid water and ice?

  • Hydrosphere (correct)
  • Atmosphere
  • Biosphere
  • Geosphere

What is the main difference between igneous rocks formed from quick cooling magma versus slow cooling magma?

  • Quick cooling produces sedimentary rocks, while slow cooling produces metamorphic rocks
  • Quick cooling produces rocks with smaller crystals, while slow cooling produces rocks with larger crystals (correct)
  • Quick cooling forms rocks that are denser than rocks formed from slow cooling
  • Quick cooling results in rocks with no crystals, while slow cooling results in rocks with medium-sized crystals

Which of the following is NOT one of Earth's spheres?

<p>Exosphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property of a mineral refers to the color of its powdered form on a streak plate?

<p>Streak (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientific reasoning involves drawing a general conclusion from specific observations?

<p>Inductive reasoning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of weathering is exemplified by frost wedging and tree roots?

<p>Mechanical weathering (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the soil is characterized by plant and animal remains?

<p>Surface horizon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of water on Earth is found in oceans?

<p>97% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of continental margin includes subduction zones?

<p>Active continental margin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phase change involves solid turning directly into gas?

<p>Sublimation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of clouds form thin and wispy in the upper atmosphere?

<p>Cirrus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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