PHYS Placental and Fetal Physiology
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Questions and Answers

Which structure is responsible for the major contribution to the chorion, which is the embryo's half of the placenta?

  • Decidua
  • Trophoblast (correct)
  • Syncytiotrophoblast
  • Embryoblast
  • When does implantation occur?

  • Day 11
  • Day 3
  • Day 6
  • Day 7 (correct)
  • During implantation, what type of communication occurs between the trophoblast and the uterine surface?

  • Gap junction communication
  • Endocytosis
  • Paracellular cytokine communication (correct)
  • Exocytosis
  • What is the function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast?

    <p>Maintains corpus luteum and progesterone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which extraembryonic membrane is responsible for providing a shock-absorbing function?

    <p>Amnion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which maternal contribution is involved in the formation of the placenta?

    <p>Endometrial vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point must the placenta be functional to support pregnancy?

    <p>Day 28</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the chorionic villus sampling (CVS) procedure?

    <p>To sample fetal cells from the chorion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is amniocentesis typically performed?

    <p>At 16 weeks of pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the placenta in the steroid biosynthesis pathway?

    <p>Source of progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the activation of the myometrium of the uterus for labor?

    <p>High levels of estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the syncytiotrophoblast in early pregnancy?

    <p>Invading uterine tissue to securely implant the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the umbilical cord?

    <p>To connect the fetus to the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the amnion?

    <p>To protect the fetus from mechanical shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During pregnancy, the site of implantation deep to the embryo is known as the

    <p>Basalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for signaling to the corpus luteum (CL) to maintain its presence during pregnancy?

    <p>hCG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can hCG be detected in pregnancy assays?

    <p>2 weeks after conception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for gas, nutrient, and waste exchange between fetal and maternal blood during pregnancy?

    <p>Intervillous space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maintains separation between maternal blood and fetal vessels in the placenta?

    <p>Mesenchyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following provides the precursor for steroidogenesis during pregnancy?

    <p>Mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme found in the placenta converts androgens to estrogens during pregnancy?

    <p>Aromatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't the fetus complete the estrogen pathway on its own during pregnancy?

    <p>Lack of enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the corpus luteum after 3 months of pregnancy?

    <p>It degrades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of progesterone and estrogen in the preparation of the oviduct and uterus for receiving the developing embryo during a normal menstrual cycle?

    <p>Estrogen prepares the oviduct and progesterone prepares the uterus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the syncytiotrophoblast and how does it interact with the uterus and corpus luteum to coordinate hormone signaling pathways needed to maintain early pregnancy?

    <p>The syncytiotrophoblast is a layer of cells that forms the outer layer of the blastocyst and it interacts with the uterus and corpus luteum to produce hCG.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is gas, nutrient, and waste exchange possible between fetal and maternal blood during pregnancy without mixing whole blood?

    <p>The placenta acts as a barrier between fetal and maternal blood, allowing for exchange of substances without mixing whole blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the maternal-placental-fetal unit work together to synthesize progesterone and estrogens needed for pregnancy maintenance without masculinizing or feminizing the fetus during development?

    <p>Progesterone and estrogens are synthesized by both the maternal and placental units, and their levels are regulated by the fetal unit to prevent masculinization or feminization of the fetus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in early pregnancy?

    <p>hCG maintains the corpus luteum and the production of progesterone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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