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Questions and Answers
Osteichthyes are a class of fish that have skeletons reinforced by ______ phosphate.
Osteichthyes are a class of fish that have skeletons reinforced by ______ phosphate.
calcium
Unlike cartilaginous fishes, osteichthyes possess bony gill covers known as ______.
Unlike cartilaginous fishes, osteichthyes possess bony gill covers known as ______.
opercula
The class of fish known as ______ includes species with a bony skeleton.
The class of fish known as ______ includes species with a bony skeleton.
Osteichthyes
The vertebrate diversity presentation includes classes such as Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, and ______.
The vertebrate diversity presentation includes classes such as Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, and ______.
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The festival grading criteria allocates ______% for the accuracy and quality of content.
The festival grading criteria allocates ______% for the accuracy and quality of content.
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The ______ is a longitudinal, flexible rod located between the digestive tube and the nerve cord.
The ______ is a longitudinal, flexible rod located between the digestive tube and the nerve cord.
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The dorsal, hollow ______ develops into the central nervous system.
The dorsal, hollow ______ develops into the central nervous system.
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The ______ slits allow water entering the mouth to exit without going through the digestive tract.
The ______ slits allow water entering the mouth to exit without going through the digestive tract.
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The ______ tail contains skeletal elements and muscles, providing propulsive force in aquatic species.
The ______ tail contains skeletal elements and muscles, providing propulsive force in aquatic species.
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Some species, like Lancelets, belong to the subphylum ______.
Some species, like Lancelets, belong to the subphylum ______.
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Urochordata, also known as ______, are sessile marine animals that attach to surfaces.
Urochordata, also known as ______, are sessile marine animals that attach to surfaces.
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Hagfishes, which are jawless marine vertebrates, are categorized under the class ______.
Hagfishes, which are jawless marine vertebrates, are categorized under the class ______.
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Some species of Urochordata are ______, while others are colonial.
Some species of Urochordata are ______, while others are colonial.
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Lampreys are referred to as jawless vertebrates in the class ______.
Lampreys are referred to as jawless vertebrates in the class ______.
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All chordates exhibit four common anatomical features: notochord, nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and ______ tail.
All chordates exhibit four common anatomical features: notochord, nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and ______ tail.
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The class of fish that includes sharks and rays is known as ______.
The class of fish that includes sharks and rays is known as ______.
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The structures of the chordate ______ provide insight into their evolutionary relationships.
The structures of the chordate ______ provide insight into their evolutionary relationships.
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Bony fishes belong to the class ______, which is the most numerous vertebrate group.
Bony fishes belong to the class ______, which is the most numerous vertebrate group.
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Lancelets live in the sand at the bottom of the sea in ______ areas.
Lancelets live in the sand at the bottom of the sea in ______ areas.
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Hagfishes primarily function as ______ dwellers and scavengers.
Hagfishes primarily function as ______ dwellers and scavengers.
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Bony fishes have skeletons reinforced by calcium ______.
Bony fishes have skeletons reinforced by calcium ______.
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Study Notes
Phylum Chordata
- Chordates are animals characterized by four key features present at some stage of their development: notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail.
- The notochord is a longitudinal, flexible rod located between the digestive tube and the nerve cord. It's made of large, fluid-filled cells encased in a stiff, fibrous tissue.
- The dorsal hollow nerve cord develops into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) in chordate embryos.
- Pharyngeal slits are openings in the pharynx that allow water entering the mouth to exit without passing through the entire digestive tract. They can also function as filter-feeding devices.
- The post-anal tail is a tail extending beyond the anus. It provides much of the propulsive force in many aquatic chordates and also contains skeletal elements and muscles.
Invertebrate Chordates
- Tunicates (Urochordata) are sessile marine animals that adhere to surfaces like rocks, docks, and boats. Other tunicates are planktonic.
- Lancelets (Cephalochordata) are blade-like animals a few centimeters long. They live in the sand at the bottom of coastal seas.
Vertebrates
- Vertebrates are chordates with backbones.
- Hagfishes (Myxini) are jawless marine vertebrates with cartilaginous skulls and axial skeletons derived from the notochord. They are bottom-dwelling scavengers. Slime glands secrete a sticky substance for protection.
- Lampreys (Petromyzontida) are jawless vertebrates with cartilage segments surrounding the notochord and arching partly over the nerve cord.
- Cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) include sharks and rays. They have cartilaginous skeletons that developed secondarily.
- Bony fishes (Osteichthyes) are the most numerous vertebrates. They have skeletons reinforced by calcium phosphate and opercula (bony gill covers).
Tetrapods
- Tetrapods are vertebrates with four limbs. Amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are tetrapods.
Amphibians
- Amphibians have a three-chambered heart.
Reptiles
- Reptiles are amniotes and have a three-chambered heart. They lay amniotic eggs.
- Some reptiles, such as crocodiles, have a four-chambered heart.
Birds
- Birds are endotherms (warm-blooded) and have a four-chambered heart. They lay amniotic eggs.
Mammals
- Mammals are endotherms with a four-chambered heart. They possess mammary glands for nourishing young. They also have hair or fur.
- Diagrams and images depict the anatomical features of each group of chordates and vertebrates.
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Description
Explore the fascinating characteristics of Phylum Chordata in this quiz. Learn about the key features such as notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and post-anal tail, along with insights into invertebrate chordates like tunicates. Test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of these crucial aspects of animal biology.
