18 Questions
What is the characteristic feature of yeast reproduction?
Unicellular and reproduction by budding
What is the function of the ascus in fungal reproduction?
Containment of ascospores
Which of the following fungi belongs to the phylum Ascomycota?
All of the above except Agaricus bisporus
What is the term for the process of sexual reproduction between two haploid somatic cells in yeast?
Zygote formation
What is the term for the fruiting body of a mushroom?
Basidiocarp
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the phylum Basidiomycota?
Formation of basidia
What is the primary function of rhizoids in Rhizopus stolonifer?
To secrete digestive enzymes and absorb organic byproducts
Members of the Phylum Zygomycota produce a thick-walled zygote known as a:
Zygosporangium
What is the primary mode of nutrition for fungi that are saprophytes?
Living on dead organic material
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of the Phylum Zygomycota?
Formation of septated hyphae
During sexual reproduction in Rhizopus stolonifer, what is the outcome of the fusion of two hyphae?
Formation of a diploid zygote
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes fungi of the Phylum Ascomycota?
Formation of sac-like structures
What is the primary role of fungi in nature?
To break down organic matter and return nutrients to the soil
What is the main difference in cell wall composition between fungi and plants?
Fungi have chitin, while plants have cellulose
What is a potential negative impact of fungi on humans?
They can cause infections, such as athlete's foot
Which of the following is a characteristic of most fungi?
They are multicellular
What is a unique feature of fungi compared to other eukaryotes?
They are heterotrophic
Which fungus-related condition is also known as St. Anthony's fire?
Ergotism
Study Notes
Kingdom Fungi
- Fungi are ubiquitous, playing a vital role in nature by breaking down dead organic matter and recycling nutrients back into the soil.
- They can be found in various environments, including yards, woods, and even rocks and water.
Characteristics of Fungi
- Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotes, lacking chloroplasts and having cell walls composed of chitin instead of cellulose.
- Most fungi are multicellular, except for yeast.
Phylum Ascomycota: Sac Fungi
- Members of this division reproduce asexually by conidia and sexually by ascospores formed within sac-like cells called asci.
- Examples include:
- Saccharomyces (yeast): unicellular, often reproducing asexually by budding, with sexual reproduction involving meiosis to produce ascospores.
- Penicillium (blue-green mold)
- Aspergillus (blue mold)
Phylum Basidiomycota: The Club Fungi
- Members of this division reproduce asexually by conidia and sexually by basidia often formed within fruiting bodies or basidiocarps.
- Examples include:
- Agaricus bisporus (mushroom): characterized by a basidiocarp with a cap (pileus), stalk (stipe), and gills (plate-like structures).
Fungi Body Structure
- Composed of filamentous structures called hyphae that branch repetitively to form mycelium (except in yeast).
- Fungi can be saprophytes (living on dead organic material) or parasites (living on living material).
Classification of Kingdom Mycota
- Fungi are classified into three major phyla based on their reproductive characteristics:
- Phylum Zygomycota (zygosporangium-forming fungi)
- Phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi)
- Phylum Basidiomycota (club fungi)
Phylum Zygomycota: Conjugation Fungi
- Members of the Zygomycetes produce a thick-walled zygote, known as a zygosporangium.
- Example: Rhizopus stolonifer (black bread mold): characterized by non-septated hyphae (stolons) that grow on bread surfaces, with specialized hyphae (rhizoids) serving as anchors and secreting digestive enzymes.
Learn about the characteristics and reproduction of sac fungi, including asexual reproduction by conidia and sexual reproduction by ascospores. Explore examples like yeast and its unique features.
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