Questions and Answers
Which class of Phylum Arthropoda includes mites, spiders, and scorpions?
How many species are there in Phylum Arthropoda?
Over 1 million
What is the main component of the exoskeleton in arthropods?
Chitin
All arthropods undergo molting.
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What term refers to the grouping of segments into functional unity in arthropods?
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What structure do territorial arthropods use for respiration?
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Match the following classes of Phylum Arthropoda with their examples:
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What system do many marine arthropods use for gas exchange?
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All arthropods have a closed circulatory system.
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Which class includes barnacles and is sessile as adults?
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What are the specialized appendages used by shrimp and lobsters for reproduction and swimming called?
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What type of eyes do most arthropods possess?
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Study Notes
Phylum Arthropoda Overview
- Over 1 million species; characterized by exoskeleton, jointed appendages, and an open circulatory system.
- Metamerism and metamorphism present, allowing specialization in different classes.
Classes of Phylum Arthropoda
- Trilobita: Extinct, known only from fossils.
- Chelicerata: Includes mites, spiders, scorpions, and horseshoe crabs; lacks antennae and has chelicerae.
- Crustacea: Comprises lobsters, crabs, and shrimp; primarily marine and has a carapace.
- Hexapoda: Includes all insects like beetles and butterflies; characterized by three body segments.
- Myriapoda: Contains centipedes and millipedes; elongated bodies with numerous segments.
Arthropod Morphology
- Segmented bodies often organized into tagmata: head, thorax, abdomen, or cephalothorax.
- Exoskeleton composed of chitin and protein to prevent water loss; undergoes molting (ecdysis).
- Jointed appendages can serve as antennae, mouthparts, or wings and can be retracted or extended.
Nervous System
- Includes a double chain of segmented ganglia and a ventral nerve cord.
- Capable of basic functions like feeding or locomotion even with the brain removed.
Respiratory System
- Marine arthropods utilize gills, while terrestrial arthropods have a tracheal system with spiracles to reduce water loss.
- Many spiders have book lungs for gas exchange.
Eyes
- Possess compound eyes made of ommatidia; some have simple eyes (ocelli) that help with light detection and vision quality.
Excretory System
- Aquatic arthropods excrete waste through gills; terrestrial insects use Malpighian tubules for nitrogenous waste elimination, conserving water efficiently.
Class Chelicerate
- Known for spiders, ticks, and horseshoe crabs; lack antennae with four pairs of walking legs and liquid diets.
- Body divided into prosoma (with appendages) and opisthosoma (reproductive organs).
Order Araneae
- Encompasses spiders (approximately 35,000 species), which are predators that capture prey through silk webs or actively hunt.
- All possess venom glands for subduing prey.
Order Acari
- Includes mites and ticks, which are diverse and can be predatory or parasitic.
- Most mites are small with fused body sections; ticks are larger and often blood-sucking.
Diseases from Acari
- Associated with diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease.
Class Crustacea
- Contains a variety of creatures like crabs, shrimp, and barnacles; mostly marine but some are freshwater species.
- Characterized by three body regions (cephalothorax), two pairs of antennae, and gills for respiration.
Order Decapoda
- Includes shrimps, lobsters, and crabs characterized by ten feet and five pairs of thoracic appendages.
- Exoskeleton is present; the cephalothorax is typically covered by a carapace.
Decapoda Reproduction
- Female crabs have a broader abdomen; males hold onto females before she molts for mating.
Order Cirripedia
- Contains barnacles that are sessile as adults and use feathery legs for feeding.
- Notable for being hermaphroditic with the longest penis relative to size in the animal kingdom.
Noteworthy Features
- Barnacles require removal from boats due to their sessile nature, which can create problems for marine vehicles.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the five classes of Phylum Arthropoda with these flashcards. From Trilobita fossils to various species within Chelicerata, Crustacea, Hexapoda, and Myriapoda, this quiz covers essential concepts and definitions. Perfect for students looking to strengthen their understanding of this diverse group.
