Round 2-SN Phylogenetics Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

Why is the fossil record considered biased and incomplete?

  • It only contains fossils of vertebrates
  • Fossils are often found in inaccessible locations
  • Soft tissue decomposes and is rarely preserved (correct)
  • The fossil record is too extensive to study comprehensively

    • What can molecular analysis reveal that differs from expectations based on morphological and fossil data?

  • Environmental pressures
  • Fossil records
  • Morphological features
  • Relationships (correct)

    • What is a way phylogenetic trees are used in conservation, as mentioned in the text?

  • To understand environmental pressures and combat poaching (correct)
  • To study animal behavior in their natural habitats
  • To analyze the geological impact on biodiversity
  • To monitor climate change effects on ecosystems

    • How are phylogenies crucial in the understanding of viruses, diseases, and cancer?

    <p>They can be used to study disease spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are homologies in evolutionary biology?

    <p>Structural similarities due to common ancestry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is radiometric dating used to determine?

    <p>The absolute timing of speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the half-life of Carbon-14?

    <p>5,700 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the traditional classification system of living things separated into?

    <p>Five different kingdoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is systematics?

    <p>The study of both taxonomy and phylogenetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are morphological traits used for in phylogenetics?

    <p>To classify organisms based on shared traits due to common ancestry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do ancestral vs derived characters, synapomorphy, and outgroup comparison help identify in phylogenetic analysis?

    <p>Traits and evolutionary relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an outgroup comparison in identifying traits in phylogenetic analysis?

    <p>To distinguish ancestral from derived characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three domains in the three-domain system of classification?

    <p>Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does convergent evolution occur?

    <p>When similar adaptations develop independently in unrelated organisms living in similar environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which isotopes are used to date items that are 10 million to 4.5 billion years old?

    <p>Potassium-40 and Uranium-238</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inability of phylogenetics to account for rapid speciation events and evolutionary reversals an example of?

    <p>Limitation in capturing all aspects of evolutionary history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the hierarchical classification system used in taxonomy (list each 7 of the classifications separated by commas).

    <p>• Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rules for binomial nomenclature are relatively lenient in the scientific community.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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