Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following accurately describes a monophyletic clade?
Which of the following accurately describes a monophyletic clade?
- A clade that splits into three species
- A clade that contains all the extant taxa of the ancestors (correct)
- A clade that contains only extinct species
- A clade that contains ancestor without all of their descendants
What is the difference between a cladogram and a phylorgam?
What is the difference between a cladogram and a phylorgam?
- Phylorgams show how different species belong to an ancestor that forms a clade, while cladograms show genetic variation (correct)
- Cladograms are made starting from extinct animals, while phylorgams are made starting from extant animals
- Cladograms show how different species belong to an ancestor that forms a clade, while phylorgams show genetic variation
- Cladograms have branches of equal length, while phylorgams have branches of different length
What is the implication of the molecular clock theory for building phylogenetic trees?
What is the implication of the molecular clock theory for building phylogenetic trees?
- Protein sequences do not evolve at constant rates and cannot be used to estimate times that sequences diverged
- Protein sequences evolve at different rates and cannot be used to estimate times that sequences diverged
- Protein sequences evolve at constant rates and can be used to estimate times that sequences diverged (correct)
- Protein sequences evolve at constant rates but cannot be used to estimate times that sequences diverged
Flashcards
Monophyletic Clade
Monophyletic Clade
A clade that includes all the extant taxa that are descendants of a common ancestor.
Cladogram vs. Phylogram
Cladogram vs. Phylogram
Phylograms show the evolutionary relationships and branch lengths indicate the amount of genetic change, while cladograms only show the relationships without indicating the extent of change.
Molecular Clock Theory
Molecular Clock Theory
Protein sequences evolve at constant rates allowing estimations of the divergence times between sequences, aiding in building phylogenetic trees.
Study Notes
Clades and Phylogenetic Trees
- A monophyletic clade is a group of organisms that shares a common ancestor and all of its descendants.
- A cladogram is a diagram that shows the relationships between different organisms based on their shared characteristics, but does not provide a timescale.
- A phylogram, on the other hand, is a diagram that shows the relationships between different organisms, including the timescale of their divergences.
- The molecular clock theory proposes that molecular changes occur at a constant rate over time, allowing researchers to estimate the time of divergence between different organisms.
- The implication of the molecular clock theory for building phylogenetic trees is that it provides a way to estimate the timing of evolutionary events, enabling the construction of more accurate and informative trees.
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