30 Questions
What causes 70% of erectile dysfunction according to the text?
Disorder or dysfunction of blood vessels
Which physiological process allows the penis to enlarge and results in an erection?
Smooth muscle relaxation
What happens to the veins in the penis during an erection?
They get compressed
What is the main physiological event that triggers a penile erection?
Smooth muscle relaxation
Which arteries play a role in the physiology of penile erection?
Dorsal artery and helicine arteries
What physiological process restricts blood flow out of the penis during an erection?
Venous compression
What is the role of cGMP in the process described?
Stimulates Protein Kinase G
In the context of the text, what effect does a PDE-5 inhibitor have?
Promotes smooth muscle relaxation
How does Protein Kinase G affect calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum?
Leads to a decrease in calcium ions
Where is the main tissue localization of PDE5 according to the text?
Corpus cavernosum and brain
What is the mechanism of action of PDE5 inhibitors in treating erectile dysfunction?
Inhibits membrane hyperpolarization
How does Protein Kinase G affect smooth muscle relaxation according to the text?
Decreases calcium ions (Ca2+)
What is the function of Protein Kinase G on the vascular smooth muscle cell?
Activates Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase
What is the 'Kick In' time for smooth muscle relaxation?
30 minutes
How does food affect the absorption of Tadalafil (Cialis)?
Does not affect absorption
Which enzyme is responsible for metabolizing all PDE5 inhibitors?
CYP3A4
What effect does Protein Kinase G have on potassium (K+) channels of vascular smooth muscle cells?
Hyperpolarizes the cells
Which PDE5 inhibitor has the shortest duration of action?
Sildenafil
What is the primary action of acetylcholine (ACh) on vascular endothelial cells?
Increase the production of nitric oxide (NO)
In which state does smooth muscle relaxation occur in the context of penile vascular function?
Erection state
What is the main role of nitric oxide (NO) in vascular smooth muscle relaxation during erection?
Stimulation of smooth muscle relaxation
Which enzyme is commonly referred to as Protein Kinase G (PKG) in the context of penile vascular function?
cGMP-specific kinase
What is the washout time for Cialis, a PDE5 inhibitor, before its effects diminish?
48 hours
Which of the following stimuli causes the release of nitric oxide (NO) into the smooth muscle cell during penile vascular function?
Sexual stimulation
What is the main effect of PDE5 inhibitors?
Inhibits the degradation of cGMP
Which enzyme degrades cGMP, preventing smooth muscle relaxation?
Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
What is the main side effect associated with PDE5 inhibitors?
Heartburn
What is the severe visual side effect associated with PDE5 inhibitors?
Blurred vision
What condition can occur due to the optic nerve damage from PDE5 inhibitors?
NAION
What should be avoided after taking Tadalafil, Sildenafil, or Vardenafil?
Nitrates use
Prepare for exam 2 with this study guide focused on male genitourinary disorders specifically erectile dysfunction and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Learn about medications used, causes of erectile dysfunction, and the physiology of penile erection.
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