PHRC 4931 Module 2 Exam 2 Study Guide: Male Genitourinary Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What causes 70% of erectile dysfunction according to the text?

  • Arterial dilation
  • Disorder or dysfunction of blood vessels (correct)
  • Psychological stimuli
  • Neurologic event
  • Which physiological process allows the penis to enlarge and results in an erection?

  • Venous compression
  • Neurologic events
  • Arterial dilation
  • Smooth muscle relaxation (correct)
  • What happens to the veins in the penis during an erection?

  • They get compressed (correct)
  • They relax
  • They dilate
  • They constrict
  • What is the main physiological event that triggers a penile erection?

    <p>Smooth muscle relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries play a role in the physiology of penile erection?

    <p>Dorsal artery and helicine arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological process restricts blood flow out of the penis during an erection?

    <p>Venous compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cGMP in the process described?

    <p>Stimulates Protein Kinase G</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the text, what effect does a PDE-5 inhibitor have?

    <p>Promotes smooth muscle relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Protein Kinase G affect calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Leads to a decrease in calcium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the main tissue localization of PDE5 according to the text?

    <p>Corpus cavernosum and brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of PDE5 inhibitors in treating erectile dysfunction?

    <p>Inhibits membrane hyperpolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Protein Kinase G affect smooth muscle relaxation according to the text?

    <p>Decreases calcium ions (Ca2+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Protein Kinase G on the vascular smooth muscle cell?

    <p>Activates Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'Kick In' time for smooth muscle relaxation?

    <p>30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does food affect the absorption of Tadalafil (Cialis)?

    <p>Does not affect absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for metabolizing all PDE5 inhibitors?

    <p>CYP3A4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does Protein Kinase G have on potassium (K+) channels of vascular smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Hyperpolarizes the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which PDE5 inhibitor has the shortest duration of action?

    <p>Sildenafil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of acetylcholine (ACh) on vascular endothelial cells?

    <p>Increase the production of nitric oxide (NO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which state does smooth muscle relaxation occur in the context of penile vascular function?

    <p>Erection state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of nitric oxide (NO) in vascular smooth muscle relaxation during erection?

    <p>Stimulation of smooth muscle relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is commonly referred to as Protein Kinase G (PKG) in the context of penile vascular function?

    <p>cGMP-specific kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the washout time for Cialis, a PDE5 inhibitor, before its effects diminish?

    <p>48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stimuli causes the release of nitric oxide (NO) into the smooth muscle cell during penile vascular function?

    <p>Sexual stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of PDE5 inhibitors?

    <p>Inhibits the degradation of cGMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme degrades cGMP, preventing smooth muscle relaxation?

    <p>Phosphodiesterase (PDE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main side effect associated with PDE5 inhibitors?

    <p>Heartburn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the severe visual side effect associated with PDE5 inhibitors?

    <p>Blurred vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can occur due to the optic nerve damage from PDE5 inhibitors?

    <p>NAION</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided after taking Tadalafil, Sildenafil, or Vardenafil?

    <p>Nitrates use</p> Signup and view all the answers

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