PHRC 4931 Module 2 Exam 2 Study Guide: Male Genitourinary Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What causes 70% of erectile dysfunction according to the text?

  • Arterial dilation
  • Disorder or dysfunction of blood vessels (correct)
  • Psychological stimuli
  • Neurologic event

Which physiological process allows the penis to enlarge and results in an erection?

  • Venous compression
  • Neurologic events
  • Arterial dilation
  • Smooth muscle relaxation (correct)

What happens to the veins in the penis during an erection?

  • They get compressed (correct)
  • They relax
  • They dilate
  • They constrict

What is the main physiological event that triggers a penile erection?

<p>Smooth muscle relaxation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries play a role in the physiology of penile erection?

<p>Dorsal artery and helicine arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological process restricts blood flow out of the penis during an erection?

<p>Venous compression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cGMP in the process described?

<p>Stimulates Protein Kinase G (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the text, what effect does a PDE-5 inhibitor have?

<p>Promotes smooth muscle relaxation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Protein Kinase G affect calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>Leads to a decrease in calcium ions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the main tissue localization of PDE5 according to the text?

<p>Corpus cavernosum and brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of PDE5 inhibitors in treating erectile dysfunction?

<p>Inhibits membrane hyperpolarization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Protein Kinase G affect smooth muscle relaxation according to the text?

<p>Decreases calcium ions (Ca2+) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Protein Kinase G on the vascular smooth muscle cell?

<p>Activates Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Kick In' time for smooth muscle relaxation?

<p>30 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does food affect the absorption of Tadalafil (Cialis)?

<p>Does not affect absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for metabolizing all PDE5 inhibitors?

<p>CYP3A4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does Protein Kinase G have on potassium (K+) channels of vascular smooth muscle cells?

<p>Hyperpolarizes the cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which PDE5 inhibitor has the shortest duration of action?

<p>Sildenafil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of acetylcholine (ACh) on vascular endothelial cells?

<p>Increase the production of nitric oxide (NO) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which state does smooth muscle relaxation occur in the context of penile vascular function?

<p>Erection state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of nitric oxide (NO) in vascular smooth muscle relaxation during erection?

<p>Stimulation of smooth muscle relaxation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is commonly referred to as Protein Kinase G (PKG) in the context of penile vascular function?

<p>cGMP-specific kinase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the washout time for Cialis, a PDE5 inhibitor, before its effects diminish?

<p>48 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stimuli causes the release of nitric oxide (NO) into the smooth muscle cell during penile vascular function?

<p>Sexual stimulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of PDE5 inhibitors?

<p>Inhibits the degradation of cGMP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme degrades cGMP, preventing smooth muscle relaxation?

<p>Phosphodiesterase (PDE) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main side effect associated with PDE5 inhibitors?

<p>Heartburn (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the severe visual side effect associated with PDE5 inhibitors?

<p>Blurred vision (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition can occur due to the optic nerve damage from PDE5 inhibitors?

<p>NAION (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided after taking Tadalafil, Sildenafil, or Vardenafil?

<p>Nitrates use (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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