Photosynthesis - Part 1
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Questions and Answers

Which of these options are correct? (Select all that apply)

  • Photosystem II is responsible for ATP production only. (correct)
  • Chlorophyll reflects green light and absorbs other colours. (correct)
  • Photosystem I is responsible for both ATP and NADPH production.
  • Chlorophyll a is the main pigment found in all plants and algae. (correct)

    • In which part of the chloroplast does the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis take place?

  • Thylakoid membrane (correct)
  • Grana
  • Chloroplast envelope
  • Stroma

    • The conversion of sunlight energy into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH) is the ______ stage of photosynthesis.

    light-dependent

    Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?

    <p>Stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the enzyme that converts CO2 into sugar in the Calvin Cycle?

    <p>Rubisco</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the light-dependent reaction, the electron transport chain drives the movement of protons (H+) from the stroma into the thylakoid lumen.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During glycolysis, one molecule of glucose is broken down into four molecules of pyruvate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT produced during the Kreb's cycle?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the molecule that carries electrons from the Kreb's cycle to the electron transport chain?

    <p>NADH and FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the electron transport chain operate?

    <p>Mitochondrial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During oxidative phosphorylation, the energy released from electrons is used to pump protons into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fermentation only occurs in the absence of oxygen.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a product of alcohol fermentation?

    <p>Ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'auto' mean in the term 'autotroph'?

    <p>Self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'trophe' mean in the term 'autotroph'?

    <p>Feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'hetero' mean in the term 'heterotroph'?

    <p>Other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'phyll' mean in the term 'chlorophyll'?

    <p>Pigment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'plast' mean in the term 'chloroplast'?

    <p>Container</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'meso' mean in the term 'mesophyll'?

    <p>Middle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the light reaction of photosynthesis?

    <p>To make ATP and NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis use to make sugars?

    <p>ATP and NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key number in the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is photolysis?

    <p>The splitting of water with light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the light reaction and the Calvin cycle?

    <p>The light reaction uses light energy to create ATP and NADPH, while the Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to make sugar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis?

    <p>It picks up 2 negative electrons and becomes NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ATP synthase in photosynthesis?

    <p>It phosphorylates ADP using the free energy from the electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between absorbed light and reflected light?

    <p>Absorbed light is usable energy, while reflected light is not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two photosystems are involved in the light reaction of photosynthesis?

    <p>Photosystem I (P700) and Photosystem II (P680)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the electron transport chain in photosynthesis?

    <p>It carries excited electrons from Photosystem II to Photosystem I, releasing energy along the way to power proton pumps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ATP synthase complex?

    <p>A group of enzymes that helps make ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Rubisco in the Calvin cycle?

    <p>It converts RuBP into G3P molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of G3P in the Calvin cycle?

    <p>It is a 3-carbon sugar that is used to make glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy source for cellular respiration?

    <p>Organic molecules, mainly glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does cellular respiration occur in the presence of oxygen?

    <p>In the mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?

    <p>Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main steps in cellular respiration?

    <p>Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pyruvate in cellular respiration?

    <p>It is converted into acetyl Coenzyme A, which enters the Krebs cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration?

    <p>It produces electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) and carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

    <p>It uses electron carriers to generate ATP by pumping protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?

    <p>Alcoholic fermentation produces ethanol as a byproduct, while lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid as a byproduct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are facultative anaerobes?

    <p>Organisms that can perform both aerobic and anaerobic respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a product of the Krebs cycle?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis is a process that releases energy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellular respiration requires oxygen.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fermentation is a more efficient way to produce ATP than cellular respiration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Calvin cycle is light-dependent.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The light reaction of photosynthesis is responsible for making ATP and NADPH.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rubisco is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 into sugar.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The electron transport chain is a process that occurs in the cytoplasm.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis is a process that occurs in both plants and animals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellular respiration produces both free energy and heat.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Calvin cycle is responsible for breaking down sugar molecules.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ATP is a high-energy molecule that is used to power cellular processes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The electron transport chain is responsible for generating the largest amount of ATP during cellular respiration.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Facultative anaerobes can only survive in the presence of oxygen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Photosynthesis - Part 1

    • Autotrophs produce their own food ("auto" = self, "trophe" = feeding)
    • Heterotrophs consume other organisms (living or dead) ("hetero" = other)
    • Chlorophyll is a light-absorbing pigment in chloroplasts (mainly in the mesophyll layer of plant leaves)
    • Chlorophyll reflects green light, thus making plants appear green
    • Chloroplasts contain thylakoids (little green discs)
    • Thylakoids are the site of the light-dependent reaction, with the primary purpose of making ATP and NADPH
    • Grana are stacks of thylakoids
    • Stroma is the space surrounding the thylakoids and is the site of the light-independent reaction
    • Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH), then uses this to make sugars
    • The chemical reaction is: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ (Key number is 6 in balancing)
    • Light reaction (light-dependent): Sunlight converts into ATP and NADPH
    • Calvin cycle (light-independent reaction): Makes sugar using CO2, ATP, and NADPH

    Photosynthesis - Part 2

    • Sunlight travels in waves with different wavelengths (colors)
    • Red light has the longest wavelength
    • Blue light has the shortest wavelength
    • Spectrophotometer measures the wavelengths not absorbed by a specimen
    • Chlorophyll A is the main pigment in all plants and algae, looking like Mg in a carbon ring web
    • Chlorophyll B helps chlorophyll A receive light energy
    • Carotenoids are accessory pigments helping chlorophyll (and reflect red, orange, or yellow color)
    • Photosystems are groups of light-absorbing pigments in thylakoid membranes

    Photosynthesis - Part 3

    • Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH from the light reaction to make sugar using CO₂
    • 3 CO₂ molecules are combined with RuBP
    • The enzyme Rubisco converts RuBP into G3P (intermediate sugar molecules)
    • G3P converts into the second half of the sugar molecule, and is released to make sugar for the plant or algae
    • Sugars are used as food or stored for later use by the organism or passed to consumers in the food chain

    Cellular Respiration - Part 1

    • Cellular Respiration is the process for releasing energy in organic molecules, mainly glucose, to do work
    • If oxygen is available, it uses aerobic respiration to make ATP (36 or 38 ATPs)
    • If oxygen is absent, it uses fermentation using organic molecules, to free up the electron carriers for glycolysis

    Cellular Respiration - Part 2

    • If O2 is present, Pyruvate must convert to Acetyl Coenzyme A before entering inner mitochondrial space
    • Krebs Cycle makes Electron Carriers from Hydrogens and attaching them to the carriers
    • Electron Transport Chain happens in the inner mitochondrial membrane, with electrons moving down the chain
    • Electrons move to create H⁺ gradient to release kinetic energy and make ATP

    Cellular Respiration - Part 3

    • Fermentation is a cellular process if oxygen is absent and it produces ATP using organic molecules (like alcohol and lactic acid fermentation)
    • Facultative Anaerobes can perform both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but prefer oxygen

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    Related Documents

    Photosynthesis Student Outlines PDF

    Description

    Dive into the fascinating process of photosynthesis, focusing on the roles of autotrophs and heterotrophs, chlorophyll, and the intricate functioning of chloroplasts. Discover how plants convert light energy into chemical energy through light-dependent and light-independent reactions. Test your knowledge with this comprehensive quiz on the fundamentals of photosynthesis.

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