30 Questions
What is the purpose of C4 plants incorporating CO2 into four-carbon compounds in mesophyll cells?
To minimize the cost of photorespiration
What enzyme catalyzes the reaction where CO2 reacts with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form oxaloacetate in C4 plants?
PEP carboxylase
In C4 plants, how many times does carbon fixation occur according to the text?
Twice; in mesophyll cells and in bundle sheath cells
What is the fate of malate in C4 plants after it is transported to the bundle sheath cells?
It undergoes decarboxylation to pyruvate and releases CO2
What role does PEP carboxylase play in the C4 pathway?
Catalyzes the reaction of CO2 with PEP
Why is the process called photorespiration in C4 plants?
Because it consumes oxygen and occurs in the light
What is the primary role of the light-harvesting complex in photosynthesis?
To act as an antenna for the reaction center complex
Which pigment absorbs light energy but transfers it to chlorophyll a?
Carotenoids
Which photosystem contains the P700 reaction center?
Photosystem I
What are the chemical products of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
NADPH and ATP
What is the main function of photosynthetic pigments?
To trap light energy
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
To provide the main photosynthetic pigment for capturing light energy
What molecule is converted into ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)?
G3P
How many molecules of G3P are required to synthesize one molecule of glucose in the Calvin cycle?
12
What happens to the remaining 10 molecules of G3P in the Calvin cycle?
They re-enter the Calvin cycle to produce RuBP
Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction between CO2 and RuBP?
RuBP carboxylase-oxygenase (rubisco)
What is the intermediate formed during the carbon fixation process called?
Phosphoglycerate (PGA)
How many ATP molecules are required to produce 6 molecules of RuBP from the remaining 5 molecules of G3P?
3
What is the first molecule formed during CO2 fixation in C3 plants?
3-phosphoglycerate
What happens when the O2 concentration is higher than CO2 within the air spaces in the leaf?
Rubisco has higher affinity for O2
What are the two primary photosynthetic adaptations that minimize photorespiration in plants during hot and dry conditions?
C4 pathway and CAM pathway
How does C4 photosynthesis differ from C3 photosynthesis?
C4 plants use PEP to fix CO2 in mesophyll cells
What happens during the reduction stage of the Calvin cycle?
Each molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate receives an additional phosphate group from ATP, becoming 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
What is the primary advantage of the CAM photosynthesis over C3 photosynthesis?
CAM plants are more efficient in arid environments
What is the net result of the consumption of water in photosynthesis?
Water is consumed but not shown in the equation
Where do chloroplasts contain 30-40 of?
Mesophyll cells
What is the energy source for photosynthesis?
Light energy from the sun
What is the definition of photosynthesis?
The conversion of light energy to chemical energy
Where do O2 exits and CO2 enter?
Through the stomata in the leaf
In which organisms does photosynthesis occur?
Plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes
Test your knowledge on the key concepts of photosynthesis, including the absorption spectrum of photosynthetic pigments, light-dependent and light-independent reactions, and alternative mechanisms of carbon fixation. Explore how green plants utilize light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.
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