Biology Chapter 10 Exam Prep

Questions and Answers

What is the overall reaction for photosynthesis?

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Light => C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Explain what an absorption spectrum shows and how it is relevant to photosynthesis.

The absorption spectrum shows the type of light absorbed by the thylakoids during photosynthesis, with red and blue light being absorbed the most.

What wavelengths of light are most effective in driving photosynthesis?

Blue and red.

Explain why the leaves of deciduous trees change colors in autumn. Use specific names of pigments in your response.

The leaves change color because chlorophyll production stops, revealing other pigments like carotenoids. Signup and view all the answers

Where do the light reactions take place?

The thylakoids. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?

The stroma. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the light reactions?

To produce ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle and to produce O2 for photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Calvin Cycle?

To produce simple sugars for the plant and regenerate RuBP. Signup and view all the answers

What is the final electron acceptor in photosystem I?

NADP+. Signup and view all the answers

In the process of carbon fixation, what more needs to happen to complete the Calvin cycle?

RuBP needs to be regenerated and the stroma must release one of the six molecules of glucose. Signup and view all the answers

Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured. What process would this damage most directly affect?

The synthesis of ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What is the flow of electrons starting with H2O?

H2O => ETC => NADPH => Calvin Cycle. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the oxygen produced by photosynthetic plants originate?

From the water molecule broken up at the beginning of the light reactions. Signup and view all the answers

From which molecule do the photosystem II replacement electrons come?

Water molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What products of the light reactions of photosynthesis are utilized in the Calvin cycle?

ATP and NADPH. Signup and view all the answers

When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of what process?

The light reactions of photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What related function do carotenoids have in plants?

They absorb extra energy. Signup and view all the answers

Predict what the relative dissolved oxygen concentrations will be in the flask with algae compared to the control flask.

The algae will produce more oxygen than the flask with water. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the energy as electrons are passed through the system of electron carriers associated with photosystem II?

This energy is used to create the ion gradient and to supply the ion pumps with energy from the electrons. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Photosynthesis Overview

Overall reaction: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Light => C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Light reactions occur in thylakoids, while the Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma.

Absorption Spectrum and Light Wavelengths

An absorption spectrum illustrates how much light is absorbed by thylakoids, indicating red and blue light are most effective for photosynthesis.
Wavelengths that drive photosynthesis effectively are blue and red.

Leaf Color Change in Autumn

Deciduous trees stop producing chlorophyll as days shorten, revealing other pigments like carotenoids, resulting in color changes in leaves.

Functions of Photosynthetic Processes

Light reactions produce ATP and NADPH and release O2, essential for the Calvin cycle.
Calvin cycle's primary function is to synthesize simple sugars (glucose) and regenerate RuBP.

Electron Flow and By-products

The flow of electrons starts from H2O, proceeding through the electron transport chain (ETC) to NADPH and then to the Calvin cycle.
Oxygen produced during photosynthesis originates from the splitting of water molecules in light reactions.

Photosystem and Electron Replacement

In photosystem II, replacement electrons come from water molecules after they are excited and passed to carriers.

Impact of Damage to Thylakoids

A punctured thylakoid, leading to the mixing of thylakoid and stroma, would directly affect ATP synthesis.

Key Products and Functions

The main products of light reactions utilized in the Calvin cycle are ATP and NADPH.
Electrons pass through photosystem II, releasing their energy to create an ion gradient and energizing ion pumps.

Antioxidant Properties

Carotenoids, present in antioxidant-rich foods, absorb excess energy in plants, contributing to their health and photosynthesis efficiency.

Oxygen Production in Algal Studies

Photosynthetic green algae will produce higher dissolved oxygen levels compared to a control flask with water, demonstrating the efficacy of photosynthesis under light cycles.

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Prepare for your biology exam with these flashcards focusing on Chapter 10 topics related to photosynthesis. Review the overall photosynthesis reaction and the importance of absorption spectra in understanding how plants harness light energy. Test your knowledge and get ready for success!