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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of photosynthesis in higher plants?
What is the primary purpose of photosynthesis in higher plants?
Which of the following is a necessary condition for photosynthesis to occur?
Which of the following is a necessary condition for photosynthesis to occur?
During photosynthesis, what is CO2 primarily undergoing?
During photosynthesis, what is CO2 primarily undergoing?
In the iodine test for starch, what does a blue color indicate?
In the iodine test for starch, what does a blue color indicate?
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What will occur in a variegated leaf during the iodine test?
What will occur in a variegated leaf during the iodine test?
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What is the role of KOH in Moll’s Half Leaf Experiment?
What is the role of KOH in Moll’s Half Leaf Experiment?
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Which of the following components is NOT required for photosynthesis?
Which of the following components is NOT required for photosynthesis?
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What does the Bell Jar Experiment demonstrate regarding plant respiration?
What does the Bell Jar Experiment demonstrate regarding plant respiration?
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What is released as a by-product during photosynthesis?
What is released as a by-product during photosynthesis?
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Which part of the leaf will test positive for starch if it contains chlorophyll?
Which part of the leaf will test positive for starch if it contains chlorophyll?
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What must be done to a leaf before conducting the iodine test for starch?
What must be done to a leaf before conducting the iodine test for starch?
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In the Moll’s Half Leaf Experiment, what role does the KOH-soaked cotton play?
In the Moll’s Half Leaf Experiment, what role does the KOH-soaked cotton play?
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What is the primary chemical change occurring in photosynthesis?
What is the primary chemical change occurring in photosynthesis?
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Which statement correctly describes photosynthesis?
Which statement correctly describes photosynthesis?
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What happens to the starch when a leaf is boiled in alcohol before the iodine test?
What happens to the starch when a leaf is boiled in alcohol before the iodine test?
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In the Bell Jar Experiment by Joseph Priestly, what was observed?
In the Bell Jar Experiment by Joseph Priestly, what was observed?
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What do chlorophyll and sunlight collectively enable during photosynthesis?
What do chlorophyll and sunlight collectively enable during photosynthesis?
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What is an indicator of a positive iodine test for starch?
What is an indicator of a positive iodine test for starch?
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
- Photosynthesis is a redox reaction converting light energy into chemical energy.
- Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is reduced to carbohydrate, and water (H₂O) is oxidized, releasing oxygen (O₂).
- This process requires sunlight and chlorophyll.
- The overall reaction is: CO₂ + H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ (in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll)
Demonstrating Photosynthesis
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Light's Necessity: A plant should be kept in darkness for 24 hours to remove stored starch. Then exposing it to light will show starch production.
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Chlorophyll's Role: A variegated leaf (with yellow and green sections) demonstrates that only the green parts (containing chlorophyll) produce starch when exposed to light.
Early Experiments in Photosynthesis
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Bell Jar Experiment (Priestley): Mice placed in a sealed jar consumed oxygen, extinguishing a candle. Plants restored the air, allowing the candle to relight. This suggested plants produce oxygen.
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Moll's Half-Leaf Experiment: Preventing part of a leaf from reaching light during starch production showed that light exposure is essential for photosynthesis. Exposing part of the leaf to light confirmed this role of light.
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Other Discoveries: Jan Ingenhousz confirmed only daytime photosynthesis occurred, and others like Priestly identified oxygen's role and Julius von Sachs discovered that starch is produced in plant chloroplasts and then stored.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the process of photosynthesis in higher plants, including its chemical reactions, the role of chlorophyll, and historic experiments that demonstrated this vital process. Explore how light energy is converted into chemical energy and understand the significance of carbon dioxide and water in forming glucose and oxygen.
