Questions and Answers
From the following choices, identify the inputs of the light reactions. (Select all that apply)
From the following choices, identify the outputs of the light reactions. (Select all that apply)
In the light reactions, light energy is used to oxidize H2O to _______.
O2
The electrons derived from the oxidation reaction in the light reactions are used to reduce NADP+ to _________.
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The Calvin cycle oxidizes the light-reaction product NADPH to __________.
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The electrons derived from the oxidation reaction in the Calvin cycle are used to reduce CO2 to ____________.
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In eukaryotes, where do all the reactions of photosynthesis occur?
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What is the net reaction of the Calvin cycle?
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The rate of O2 production increases with light intensity.
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What is the ultimate source of energy to support most life on Earth?
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Which of the following is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
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When light strikes chlorophyll molecules, they lose electrons, which are ultimately replaced by ______.
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Photosynthesis is a redox reaction. This means that H2O is _____ during the light reactions and CO2 is _____ during the Calvin cycle.
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Which wavelengths of light drive the highest rates of photosynthesis? (Select two best answers)
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Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?
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What is the biological significance of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?
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The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis use water and produce oxygen.
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What is the basic role of CO2 in photosynthesis?
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Why are plants classified as producers?
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What happens along an electron transport chain?
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis Overview
- Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy stored in sugars.
- Key processes include light reactions (requires light) and the Calvin cycle (light-independent).
Light Reactions Inputs and Outputs
- Inputs: Light, water, NADP+, ADP.
- Outputs: Oxygen (O2), ATP, NADPH.
- Not involved: Glucose, CO2, G3P.
Calvin Cycle Inputs and Outputs
- Inputs: ATP, NADPH, CO2.
- Outputs: ADP, NADP+, G3P.
- Function: Converts CO2 into organic molecules using energy from light reactions.
Oxygen Production
- Light energy oxidizes water (H2O) to produce oxygen (O2).
- The formation of O2 is directly influenced by light intensity.
Chloroplast Structure
- Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, which have various compartments:
- Stroma: site of the Calvin cycle.
- Thylakoid membrane: site of light reactions; contains chlorophyll.
- Thylakoid space: accumulates protons during ATP synthesis.
Carbon Atom Tracking in Calvin Cycle
- Conversion of 3 CO2 to G3P (3-carbon sugar) requires:
- 3 CO2 molecules, which combine with 3 RuBP molecules (15 carbons total).
- Produces 6 molecules of 3-PGA (18 carbons total) leading to one G3P output.
Energy Usage in Calvin Cycle
- Requires 9 ATP and 6 NADPH per G3P produced.
- ATP and NADPH are critical for converting carbon compounds into sugars.
Light-Dependent vs Light-Independent Reactions
- Light-dependent reactions produce ATP and NADPH, which are crucial for the Calvin cycle.
- If CO2 availability decreases, the production of ADP and NADP+ decreases, leading to reduced O2 production.
Wavelengths and Photosynthesis Efficiency
- Light in the 400-450 nm (violet-blue) and 670-680 nm (red) ranges is most effective for photosynthesis.
- Visible light lies between ultraviolet and infrared radiation.
Photosynthesis Summary Equation
- General equation: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2.
- Highlights the reduction of CO2 to sugars.
Biological Significance
- Light-independent reactions transform CO2 into usable carbohydrates.
- Plants are considered producers due to their ability to fix carbon.
Roles of NADPH and ATP
- NADPH produced by photosystem I is essential for reducing carbon in the Calvin cycle.
- The regeneration of RuBP is critical for the continuous functioning of the Calvin cycle.
Overall Function of Photosynthesis
- The process is an anabolic pathway that builds organic molecules from inorganic carbon.
- Essential for generating energy that sustains life on Earth.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the inputs and outputs of the light reactions in photosynthesis with these flashcards. Understand how light, water, and other components contribute to the process and what products are generated. Perfect for mastering Chapter 10 concepts!
