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Questions and Answers
What is the most unstable way to store energy in a cell?
What is the most unstable way to store energy in a cell?
ATP
Which wavelengths should grow lights produce to promote plant growth?
Which wavelengths should grow lights produce to promote plant growth?
Red and blue
How many light compensation points are there during a bright sunny day?
How many light compensation points are there during a bright sunny day?
2
Which of the following is not a protective adaptation against intense sunlight?
Which of the following is not a protective adaptation against intense sunlight?
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What is the main advantage of Kranz anatomy?
What is the main advantage of Kranz anatomy?
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What must Photosystem I and Photosystem II be connected for?
What must Photosystem I and Photosystem II be connected for?
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How is ATP synthesized from ADP and phosphate?
How is ATP synthesized from ADP and phosphate?
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Which of the following is not a photoautotroph?
Which of the following is not a photoautotroph?
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What are the links between the light-dependent reactions and the stroma reactions?
What are the links between the light-dependent reactions and the stroma reactions?
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What is the ultimate source of electrons for photosynthesis?
What is the ultimate source of electrons for photosynthesis?
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What are the two most important long-term storage forms of energy and carbon in plants?
What are the two most important long-term storage forms of energy and carbon in plants?
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What strongly supports the hypothesis that chlorophyll is the essential pigment for photosynthesis?
What strongly supports the hypothesis that chlorophyll is the essential pigment for photosynthesis?
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What is the major function of protective pigments?
What is the major function of protective pigments?
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What redox potential compound would most likely donate electrons to another compound?
What redox potential compound would most likely donate electrons to another compound?
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What wavelengths of visible light do yellow pigment molecules in daffodil petals absorb?
What wavelengths of visible light do yellow pigment molecules in daffodil petals absorb?
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Why does chlorophyll appear red instead of green when a light source is placed between it and an observer?
Why does chlorophyll appear red instead of green when a light source is placed between it and an observer?
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Why does crab grass grow efficiently in yards compared to Kentucky bluegrass?
Why does crab grass grow efficiently in yards compared to Kentucky bluegrass?
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What would a desert plant of the family Crassulaceae likely do with its stomates?
What would a desert plant of the family Crassulaceae likely do with its stomates?
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Which of the following is not a function or result of photosynthesis?
Which of the following is not a function or result of photosynthesis?
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In the reaction Dye + AH2 → Dye- H2 + A, what occurs?
In the reaction Dye + AH2 → Dye- H2 + A, what occurs?
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What happens to light that strikes Photosystem I in an intact chloroplast?
What happens to light that strikes Photosystem I in an intact chloroplast?
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What provides the energy to synthesize ATP during photophosphorylation?
What provides the energy to synthesize ATP during photophosphorylation?
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How does burning trees for agriculture contribute to the greenhouse effect?
How does burning trees for agriculture contribute to the greenhouse effect?
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What evolution has occurred in many plant families in hot climates?
What evolution has occurred in many plant families in hot climates?
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What characteristic of leaves in temperate forests compared to desert plants?
What characteristic of leaves in temperate forests compared to desert plants?
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What does the increase of CO2 from X ppm to Y ppm suggest about the rate of photosynthesis?
What does the increase of CO2 from X ppm to Y ppm suggest about the rate of photosynthesis?
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What is the ultimate source of electrons to reduce NADP to NADPH?
What is the ultimate source of electrons to reduce NADP to NADPH?
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What does Photosystem I produce?
What does Photosystem I produce?
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Which of the following is not apt to occur with an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration?
Which of the following is not apt to occur with an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration?
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Which color of visible light would not be used by plants that are blue?
Which color of visible light would not be used by plants that are blue?
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What process would a typical root cell not perform?
What process would a typical root cell not perform?
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Why are carbon dioxide and water excellent starting points for photosynthesis?
Why are carbon dioxide and water excellent starting points for photosynthesis?
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Which of the following is not photoautotrophic?
Which of the following is not photoautotrophic?
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How does the photosynthesis process in purple and green bacteria differ from cyanobacteria?
How does the photosynthesis process in purple and green bacteria differ from cyanobacteria?
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The energy to produce ATP in cells is provided by reactions of photosynthesis or respiration.
The energy to produce ATP in cells is provided by reactions of photosynthesis or respiration.
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Part of a plant is autotrophic and part is heterotrophic.
Part of a plant is autotrophic and part is heterotrophic.
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The process of photophosphorylation converts light energy to chemical energy.
The process of photophosphorylation converts light energy to chemical energy.
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Heterotrophs could live completely in the dark.
Heterotrophs could live completely in the dark.
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RuBP carboxylase has a much lower affinity for CO2 than PEP carboxylase.
RuBP carboxylase has a much lower affinity for CO2 than PEP carboxylase.
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If a compound gains an electron, it has been reduced.
If a compound gains an electron, it has been reduced.
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Roots are usually heterotrophic.
Roots are usually heterotrophic.
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In Photosystem I, Fe4-S4 is a stronger reducing agent than ferredoxin.
In Photosystem I, Fe4-S4 is a stronger reducing agent than ferredoxin.
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A major function of Photosystem II is to reduce P700, replenishing electrons lost in Photosystem I.
A major function of Photosystem II is to reduce P700, replenishing electrons lost in Photosystem I.
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A plant cell contains all of the biochemical reactions necessary to convert 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL) to any other organic molecule needed.
A plant cell contains all of the biochemical reactions necessary to convert 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL) to any other organic molecule needed.
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CAM plants can outcompete C3 and C4 plants under most conditions.
CAM plants can outcompete C3 and C4 plants under most conditions.
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The carbon in carbon dioxide is more reduced than the carbon in a carbohydrate.
The carbon in carbon dioxide is more reduced than the carbon in a carbohydrate.
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Once a molecule of NADPH is oxidized to NADP+, it is broken down by a plant cell.
Once a molecule of NADPH is oxidized to NADP+, it is broken down by a plant cell.
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The only photosynthetic organisms are eukaryotic plants.
The only photosynthetic organisms are eukaryotic plants.
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The synthesis of ATP and NADPH in the process of photosynthesis is highly exergonic.
The synthesis of ATP and NADPH in the process of photosynthesis is highly exergonic.
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Water and light directly interact with carbon dioxide to produce carbohydrates.
Water and light directly interact with carbon dioxide to produce carbohydrates.
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Study Notes
General Overview of Photosynthesis
- ATP is the most unstable form of energy storage in cells.
- Plant growth is enhanced by grow lights that emit red and blue wavelengths.
- Under bright, sunny conditions, there are typically two light compensation points in a 24-hour period.
- Intense sunlight adaptations exclude abundant chlorophyll.
Plant Physiology and Anatomy
- Kranz anatomy ensures RuBP carboxylase is localized in bundle sheath chloroplasts.
- C4 plants, like crab grass, utilize PEP carboxylase for efficient CO2 fixation and are adapted to hot climates by reducing photorespiration, enhancing carboxylation, and minimizing water loss.
Photosystems and Electron Flow
- Photosystem I and II are interconnected for NADPH formation.
- Light energy is utilized in chloroplasts to convert ADP and phosphate into ATP.
- The ultimate electron source for photosynthesis is water (H2O).
- Both photosystems produce ATP and NADPH, essential for the Calvin cycle.
Light Absorption and Pigments
- Chlorophyll is the main photosynthetic pigment, with its absorption spectrum aligning with the action spectrum for photosynthesis.
- Excessive light is managed through accessory pigments that protect chlorophyll; pigments like yellow absorb all wavelengths except for yellow.
- Fluorescence occurs when chlorophyll appears red in certain lighting conditions.
Impact of Environmental Factors
- Atmospheric CO2 increases from deforestation contribute to the greenhouse effect.
- Humid environments rely on open stomates for gas exchange, while desert plants like those in the Crassulaceae family adapt by opening stomates at night.
- In temperate forests, plants tend to have thinner, horizontally oriented leaves compared to desert counterparts.
Photosynthesis Measurements and Outcomes
- Increasing CO2 concentration results in enhanced photosynthetic rates, indicating initial CO2 limitation.
- Higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations do not directly correlate with an increase in the Antarctic ice cap size.
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
- Not all organisms can perform photosynthesis; for example, Agaricus mushrooms are not photoautotrophic.
- Some plant parts, such as roots, are heterotrophic and do not perform photophosphorylation.
- Green and purple bacteria's photosynthesis is distinct because it does not produce oxygen.
Conceptual Relationships in Photosynthesis
- During photophosphorylation, light energy is converted into chemical energy.
- The reduction of compounds is integral, where gaining an electron defines reduction.
- After NADPH oxidation to NADP+, it is not further broken down by plant cells.
Miscellaneous Facts
- CAM plants can outperform C3 and C4 plants in specific conditions.
- Carbons in carbon dioxide are more reduced than those in carbohydrates.
- Plant cells are capable of converting 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL) into any required organic molecule.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of Chapter 10 on Photosynthesis with these flashcards. Learn about ATP, grow lights, and light compensation points crucial for plant growth. Perfect for students seeking to enhance their understanding of photosynthesis concepts.
