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Questions and Answers
What are the reactants in the Calvin Cycle?
What are the reactants in the Calvin Cycle?
- C02, NADPH, ATP
- NADP+, ADP, P
- GP3, CO2, NADPH
- CO2, NADP+, ATP (correct)
Where do the light reactions in photosynthesis take place?
Where do the light reactions in photosynthesis take place?
- Granum
- Thylakoid membrane (correct)
- Stroma
- Thylakoid lumen
Where does photosynthesis take place?
Where does photosynthesis take place?
- Lower Epidermis
- Cuticle
- Palisade Mesophyll (correct)
- Vein
Which of the following occurs during the light reactions in photosynthesis?
Which of the following occurs during the light reactions in photosynthesis?
What is an obligate anaerobe?
What is an obligate anaerobe?
What is NOT a characteristic of an endergonic reaction?
What is NOT a characteristic of an endergonic reaction?
If a pigment absorbs red and blue light and reflects green and yellow light, what color would you see?
If a pigment absorbs red and blue light and reflects green and yellow light, what color would you see?
After running up a flight of stairs, a student notices they are breathing heavily. What is happening at the cellular level to restore homeostasis?
After running up a flight of stairs, a student notices they are breathing heavily. What is happening at the cellular level to restore homeostasis?
A scientist isolates a plant leaf and exposes it to a light source. However, even with plenty of light, ATP production in the chloroplasts is low. What's the most likely reason?
A scientist isolates a plant leaf and exposes it to a light source. However, even with plenty of light, ATP production in the chloroplasts is low. What's the most likely reason?
A hiker at high altitude struggles with low oxygen levels. How will their cellular respiration be affected?
A hiker at high altitude struggles with low oxygen levels. How will their cellular respiration be affected?
Your friend decides to go on an extreme diet, eating almost no carbohydrates. After a few days, they feel weak and sluggish. Which cellular process is most affected?
Your friend decides to go on an extreme diet, eating almost no carbohydrates. After a few days, they feel weak and sluggish. Which cellular process is most affected?
Why do plants close their stomata on hot, dry days, and what is the consequence?
Why do plants close their stomata on hot, dry days, and what is the consequence?
A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder that reduces their ability to produce ATP. What symptoms would you expect?
A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder that reduces their ability to produce ATP. What symptoms would you expect?
Why do photosynthetic organisms rely on the electron transport chain in both chloroplasts and mitochondria?
Why do photosynthetic organisms rely on the electron transport chain in both chloroplasts and mitochondria?
A runner finishes a race and breathes heavily for several minutes. Why is this necessary?
A runner finishes a race and breathes heavily for several minutes. Why is this necessary?
A plant is exposed to a toxin that blocks Rubisco. What effect would this have?
A plant is exposed to a toxin that blocks Rubisco. What effect would this have?
A student tests photosynthesis rates in a plant under different conditions. Which conclusion is best supported by this data?
A student tests photosynthesis rates in a plant under different conditions. Which conclusion is best supported by this data?
A biologist examines ATP production in two bacterial samples. Which result would best support known cellular respiration pathways?
A biologist examines ATP production in two bacterial samples. Which result would best support known cellular respiration pathways?
A scientist develops a pesticide that blocks ATP synthase in insects. What is the most likely effect of this pesticide?
A scientist develops a pesticide that blocks ATP synthase in insects. What is the most likely effect of this pesticide?
During photosynthesis, what molecules do the light-dependent reactions generate that are used in the Calvin Cycle?
During photosynthesis, what molecules do the light-dependent reactions generate that are used in the Calvin Cycle?
What stage is the majority of ATP produced in during the aerobic cellular respiration?
What stage is the majority of ATP produced in during the aerobic cellular respiration?
Which part of the chloroplast do light-independent reactions occur in?
Which part of the chloroplast do light-independent reactions occur in?
If the proton gradient in the mitochondria was disrupted, which process would be affected?
If the proton gradient in the mitochondria was disrupted, which process would be affected?
Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor during cellular respiration?
Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor during cellular respiration?
Why do many plants appear green?
Why do many plants appear green?
During cellular respiration, which of the following processes produces the least amount of ATP
During cellular respiration, which of the following processes produces the least amount of ATP
Which of the following describes enzyme specificity?
Which of the following describes enzyme specificity?
What type of reaction is cellular respiration?
What type of reaction is cellular respiration?
Fermentation is another name for..?
Fermentation is another name for..?
What does the enzyme RuBisCo do?
What does the enzyme RuBisCo do?
Flashcards
Calvin Cycle Reactants
Calvin Cycle Reactants
CO2, NADPH, and ATP; these are used to produce sugars.
Location of Light Reactions
Location of Light Reactions
The location of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis Location in Plants
Photosynthesis Location in Plants
The palisade mesophyll layer, where cells have many chloroplasts.
Light Reactions Event
Light Reactions Event
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Obligate Anaerobe
Obligate Anaerobe
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Not Endergonic Characteristics
Not Endergonic Characteristics
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Pigment Color Seen
Pigment Color Seen
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Cellular Response to Exercise
Cellular Response to Exercise
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Low ATP Production
Low ATP Production
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Effect of Low Oxygen
Effect of Low Oxygen
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Effect of Carb Restriction
Effect of Carb Restriction
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Stomata Closing Consequence
Stomata Closing Consequence
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Mitochondrial Disorder Symptoms
Mitochondrial Disorder Symptoms
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ETC Role
ETC Role
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Heavy Breathing After Race
Heavy Breathing After Race
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Effect of Rubisco Blocker
Effect of Rubisco Blocker
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Optimal Photosynthesis Need
Optimal Photosynthesis Need
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ATP with Oxygen Presence
ATP with Oxygen Presence
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Effect of Blocking ATP Synthase
Effect of Blocking ATP Synthase
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Products Used in the Calvin Cycle
Products Used in the Calvin Cycle
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Most ATP Produced
Most ATP Produced
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Location of Light-Independent
Location of Light-Independent
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Effect of a Disrupted Proton Gradient
Effect of a Disrupted Proton Gradient
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Final Electron Acceptor
Final Electron Acceptor
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Plant appear green
Plant appear green
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Least amount of ATP
Least amount of ATP
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Enzyme Specificity
Enzyme Specificity
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Type of Reaction
Type of Reaction
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Fermentation is another name for..?
Fermentation is another name for..?
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What does the enzyme RuBisCo do?
What does the enzyme RuBisCo do?
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Study Notes
- The reactants in the Calvin Cycle are CO2, NADP+, and ATP.
- Another set of reactants in the Calvin Cycle are GP3, CO2, and NADPH.
- Yet another set of reactants in the Calvin Cycle are NADP+, ADP, and P.
- The light reactions in photosynthesis take place in the thylakoid lumen.
- Photosynthesis takes place in the palisade mesophyll.
- During the light reactions in photosynthesis, oxygen is released.
- An obligate anaerobe is an organism that cannot survive with oxygen.
- An endergonic reaction is spontaneous.
- An endergonic reaction will have products with less free energy than the reactants.
- In an endergonic reaction, energy is absorbed from surroundings
- An endergonic reaction has a change in free energy that is positive.
- Light is necessary for oxygen production, but CO2 is not
Pigment Absorption and Reflection
- A pigment that absorbs red and blue light and reflects green and yellow light will appear orange.
Cellular Respiration and Homeostasis
- Mitochondria use more glucose to increase ATP production to restore homeostasis after exercise.
- The body replenishes oxygen, allowing the electron transport chain to continue producing ATP.
Photosynthesis Impairment
- Low ATP production in chloroplasts with sufficient light is most likely due to a lack of water, which halts photolysis.
Cellular Respiration at High Altitude
- At high altitudes, the electron transport chain slows down due to low oxygen levels, resulting in less ATP production.
Extreme Diet Effects
- An extreme low-carbohydrate diet primarily affects glycolysis, as glucose is the main fuel for ATP production, leading to weakness and sluggishness
Plant Stomata and Photosynthesis
- Plants close their stomata on hot, dry days to prevent dehydration, but this reduces CO2 intake and slows down photosynthesis.
Mitochondrial Disorders
- A patient with a mitochondrial disorder that reduces ATP production would exhibit fatigue, muscle weakness, and difficulty with high-energy activities.
Electron Transport Chain Functions
- Photosynthetic organisms rely on the electron transport chain in both chloroplasts and mitochondria to produce ATP using a proton gradient.
Post-Exercise Breathing
- Heavy breathing after a race is necessary to replenish oxygen so the electron transport chain can function properly.
Impact of Rubisco Inhibition
- A plant exposed to a toxin that blocks Rubisco would be unable to fix CO2 into organic molecules
ATP Production in Bacteria
- Sample A produces significantly more ATP than Sample B, this result would support known cellular respiration pathways, where Sample A is exposed to oxygen and Sample B is in an anaerobic environment.
Pesticide Effects on Insects
- A pesticide blocking ATP synthase in insects would most likely cause the insect's cells to run out of ATP, leading to energy failure.
Light-Dependent Reactions
- During photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions generate NADPH and ATP, which are then used in the Calvin Cycle.
ATP Production in Aerobic Respiration
- The majority of ATP is produced during the electron transport chain in aerobic cellular respiration.
Light-Independent Reactions
- Light-independent reactions occur in the stroma of the chloroplast.
Proton Gradient Disruption
- If the proton gradient in the mitochondria is disrupted, ATP synthesis would be affected.
Final Electron Acceptor
- Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor during cellular respiration.
Plant Color
- Many plants appear green because they reflect green light and absorb red and blue wavelengths.
ATP Production in Cellular Respiration
- Glycolysis produces the least amount of ATP during cellular respiration.
Substrate specificity
- Only a specific substrate will bind to an enzyme's active site
- Cellular respiration is an exergonic reaction.
- Fermentation is another name for Anaerobic Respiration
RuBisCo Function
- The enzyme RuBisCo catalyzes the bonding of CO2 to ribulose bisphosphate in the Calvin Cycle.
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Description
This covers the reactants in the Calvin Cycle, where light reactions in photosynthesis take place and the role of palisade mesophyll. It also covers the definition of an obligate aerobe, endergonic reaction, pigment absorption and cellular respiration.
