Photosynthesis Basics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of light reactions in photosynthesis?

  • To absorb nutrients from the soil
  • To convert light energy into chemical energy (correct)
  • To release oxygen into the atmosphere
  • To synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide

    • Where do light reactions take place within chloroplasts?

  • In the cytoplasm
  • In the nucleus
  • In the thylakoids (correct)
  • In the stroma

    • What are thylakoids stacked together called?

  • Grana (correct)
  • Stroma
  • Photosystems
  • Chlorophyll

    • Which component of the photochemical system helps to harness light?

    <p>Light harvesting pigments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Photosystem I from Photosystem II?

    <p>They have different roles in the light reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary product of the light reactions?

    <p>ATP and NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In photosystems, energy from light is first absorbed by which molecules?

    <p>Chlorophyll pigment molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of the ATPase enzyme in the light reactions?

    <p>It converts ADP into ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis responsible for?

    <p>Generating ATP and NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In photosynthesis, what do the electrons return to during cyclic photophosphorylation?

    <p>Chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of photolysis in non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

    <p>To split water molecules and release electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process does not require light energy to occur?

    <p>Dark reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is reduced to form NADPH during photosynthesis?

    <p>NADP+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the membrane electron transport system in photosynthesis?

    <p>It facilitates the movement of electrons and the production of ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation is correct?

    <p>Non-cyclic photophosphorylation reduces NADP+ using electrons from H2O.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a byproduct of photolysis that occurs in photosynthesis?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net yield of ATP molecules from glycolysis for each molecule of glucose?

    <p>Two ATP molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to pyruvic acid if oxygen is present after glycolysis?

    <p>It reacts with coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the byproducts produced alongside acetyl CoA in the reaction of pyruvic acid?

    <p>CO2 and NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the TCA cycle play in cellular metabolism?

    <p>It supplies organic precursors for biosynthetic pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components are involved in the electron transport chain?

    <p>Flavoproteins, cytochromes, and ubiquinones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In glycolysis, how many ATP molecules are used in the first step?

    <p>Two ATP molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the electron transport chain?

    <p>To pump protons using energy from electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the intermediates in the TCA cycle?

    <p>Some must be resynthesized to maintain cycle activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum yield of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose after complete cellular respiration?

    <p>38 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process does not require oxygen or the Krebs cycle?

    <p>Fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During lactic acid fermentation, which byproduct is primarily produced from sugars?

    <p>Lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules are produced specifically by substrate-level phosphorylation during fermentation?

    <p>2 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do microorganisms play in lactic acid fermentation?

    <p>They convert sugars into lactic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial substrate used in lactic acid fermentation in dairy products?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about fermentation is false?

    <p>It requires the Krebs cycle to occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>It absorbs specific wavelengths of light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to NAD+ during fermentation?

    <p>It gets reduced to NADH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when white light strikes an object?

    <p>It can be reflected, transmitted, or absorbed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color of light is most likely reflected by chlorophyll?

    <p>Green</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about photons?

    <p>They are discrete packets of kinetic energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can white light be separated into its component colors?

    <p>By passing it through a prism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which season do many plants lose their chlorophyll?

    <p>Fall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a property of light as it interacts with objects?

    <p>It can create sound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

    <p>A range of all possible frequencies of radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Photosynthesis Basics

    • Photosynthesis involves light reactions (light-dependent) that occur in the chloroplasts' thylakoids and capture light energy to power the process.
    • Chlorophyll absorbs all colors except green, which is reflected, giving plants their green appearance.
    • Two types of chlorophyll exist: Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b, which have different roles in photosynthesis.

    Light Reactions

    • Light energy is captured by light-harvesting pigments and transferred to reaction center chlorophyll-a molecules.
    • A stack of thylakoids is known as a granum; stroma is the internal space of chloroplasts.
    • Functional components of a photochemical system include light harvesting pigments, an electron transport system, and ATPase enzyme.

    Photosystems

    • Two types of photosystems are present: Photosystem I and Photosystem II, each playing distinct roles in the light reactions.
    • Energy excitation occurs, followed by electron transport and chemiosmosis to create ATP.

    ATP Production

    • Cyclic photophosphorylation returns electrons to chlorophyll, while non-cyclic photophosphorylation reduces NADP+ using electrons from water (H2O) or hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

    Photosynthesis Processes

    • Light reactions power the overall photosynthesis while dark reactions (light-independent) can occur without light and involve glycolysis.
    • Dark reactions utilize enzymes for a series of reactions converting glucose into pyruvic acid, yielding a net of two ATP molecules per glucose.

    Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle

    • The TCA cycle (Krebs Cycle) converts all carbon into CO2, with the byproduct being acetyl CoA after reacting pyruvic acid with coenzyme A.
    • TCA plays a central role in carbon flow within cells and supplies precursor molecules for biosynthesis.

    Electron Transport Chain

    • Electrons carried by NADH enter the electron transport chain, which consists of flavoproteins, cytochromes, and ubiquinones.
    • Up to 34 ATP molecules can be generated via the electron transport chain, culminating in a maximum yield of 38 ATP per glucose molecule.

    Fermentation

    • Fermentation is an anaerobic process that generates energy from organic molecules by oxidation without using O2, Krebs cycle, or electron transport chain.
    • It produces two ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation, reducing NAD+ to NADH.

    Lactic Acid Fermentation

    • Lactic acid fermentation is crucial in dairy product manufacturing, where microorganisms convert milk sugars to lactic acid.
    • Fermentation can occur naturally in unrefrigerated milk, leading to spoilage, while specific fermentation is used in cheese production.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of the fundamentals of photosynthesis, focusing on the light reactions that occur in chloroplasts. This quiz covers chlorophyll types, the structure of thylakoids, and the function of photosystems in capturing light energy and producing ATP.

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