Photosynthesis and Light Properties
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Questions and Answers

What is the meaning of the Greek word "PHOTO" in the context of photosynthesis?

Produced by light

What is the meaning of the Greek word "SYNTHESIS" in the context of photosynthesis?

A whole made of parts put together

What is the process of photosynthesis?

Plants, algae, and some bacteria use the energy of the sun to synthesize organic compounds (sugars) from inorganic compounds (CO2 and water).

What are the two main inorganic compounds used in photosynthesis?

<p>Carbon dioxide and water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify ONE significant reason why photosynthesis is considered a vital process?

<p>It provides the oxygen we breathe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a product of photosynthesis?

<p>Carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Photosynthesis is a process that occurs ONLY in light.

<p>True (A), False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?

<p>Chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chlorophyll absorbs green light most effectively.

<p>True (A), False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for photosynthesis?

<p>6 CO2 + 12 H2O --&gt; C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the pigment that absorbs light at different wavelengths, extending the absorption range of light for photosynthesis?

<p>Accessory pigments</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the part of the plant cell where photosynthesis takes place?

<p>Chloroplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chloroplasts are found in all cells of a plant.

<p>True (A), False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main compartments of a chloroplast?

<p>Stroma and thylakoid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the stroma of the chloroplast.

<p>True (A), False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major products of the light reactions in photosynthesis?

<p>ATP and NADPH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Photosynthesis

The process used by plants, algae, and some bacteria to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of sugars from carbon dioxide and water.

General Photosynthesis Formula

6 CO₂ + 12 H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ + 6 H₂O (light energy and enzymes required).

Importance of Photosynthesis

Provides oxygen, consumes CO₂, produces food, fuels energy and fiber production.

Photon

A unit of light energy.

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Chlorophyll a

The primary pigment in photosynthesis, absorbing blue and red light.

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Accessory Pigments

Pigments that absorb light at different wavelengths, extending the range for photosynthesis and protecting against harmful light.

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Chloroplast

The organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.

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Light Reactions

The first stage of photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH) and splitting water into oxygen.

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Thylakoid Membrane

Location of light reactions within the chloroplast.

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Stroma

Fluid-filled space inside the chloroplast where the Calvin cycle takes place.

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Calvin Cycle

The light-independent stage of photosynthesis, converting CO₂ into sugars using ATP and NADPH.

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3-PGA

The initial 3-carbon molecule produced in the Calvin cycle.

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Rubisco

The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle.

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C-3 Plants

Plants that use the Calvin cycle to fix carbon dioxide directly.

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Photorespiration

A process occurring when Rubisco fix oxygen instead of carbon dioxide; reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.

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C-4 Plants

Plants using a different method to fix carbon dioxide, improving efficiency in hot, dry climates compared to C-3 plants

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Cellular Respiration

The process breaking down glucose to release energy in the cell, produces ATP.

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ATP

The main energy currency in cells.

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Glycolysis

The first stage of cellular respiration, breaking down glucose into pyruvate.

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Krebs Cycle

Second stage of cellular respiration, where pyruvate is further oxidized and energy is captured.

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Electron Transport Chain

The third stage of cellular respiration where electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred releasing energy to make ATP.

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Aerobic Respiration

Cellular respiration requiring oxygen.

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Anaerobic Respiration/Fermentation

Cellular respiration without oxygen.

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Carbon Cycle

The movement of carbon between the atmosphere, living organisms, and the Earth's crust.

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Study Notes

Photosynthesis

  • Photosynthesis is the process where plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight to make sugars from inorganic materials (CO2 and water)
  • It is a crucial biological process on Earth, providing oxygen and food
  • The general formula for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 12H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + 6H₂O
  • Light is absorbed by pigments, primarily chlorophyll a
  • Chlorophyll a absorbs blue and red light, reflecting green light
  • Accessory pigments (chlorophyll b and carotenoids) absorb additional light wavelengths and transfer energy to chlorophyll a
  • Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, specifically in the thylakoid membranes (for light reactions) and the stroma (for the Calvin cycle)
  • Light-dependent reactions happen in thylakoid membranes, splitting water, producing ATP and NADPH
  • Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) use ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 into sugars in the stroma

Properties of Light

  • Visible light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum between UV and IR
  • Light is absorbed and reflected by pigments, influencing the colors we see
  • The energy of light is inversely proportional to its wavelength

Cellular Respiration

  • Cellular respiration is the process that releases stored chemical energy for use by cells
  • It breaks down organic molecules (like glucose) into simpler molecules to release energy temporarily stored in ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
  • There are three stages: glycolysis, Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle), and electron transport chain
  • Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, splitting glucose (a 6-carbon sugar) into two pyruvate molecules (3-carbon sugars), producing a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.
  • The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondria, where pyruvate is further broken down, producing more ATP, NADH, and FADH₂
  • The electron transport chain generates a substantial amount of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, using the energy from NADH and FADH₂ to pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis

Fermentation

  • Fermentation occurs when oxygen is not present
  • It is an anaerobic (without oxygen) process
  • Two common types: lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation
  • Both produce less ATP than aerobic respiration but allow glycolysis to continue

Carbon Cycle

  • Photosynthesis and respiration are complementary
  • Plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and release oxygen
  • Animals and plants release carbon dioxide through respiration
  • Carbon is an important component of many organic molecules needed by all living things and is cycled through the environment through these processes

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Related Documents

Photosynthesis Biology Notes PDF

Description

This quiz covers the essential concepts of photosynthesis, including the light-dependent and light-independent reactions, as well as the properties of light involved in the process. Understand how plants convert sunlight into energy and the role of chlorophyll and other pigments. Test your knowledge on the significance of this vital biological process.

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