39 Questions
What is the function of the membranes in cells?
To separate the inside of the cell from the outside
What is homeostasis in relation to cells?
The ability to maintain stable, constant internal conditions
What is the main purpose of maintaining cellular barriers?
For growth, reproduction, and homeostasis
What type of cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane?
Eukaryotic cells
What do eukaryotic cells contain that distinguishes them from other types of cells?
A nucleus and organelle structures
How are the internal environments of cells different from the outside environment?
They have different conditions from the outside environment
What is the tendency for particles to spread out evenly in an available space?
Diffusion
Which process allows larger, polar molecules to enter or exit the cell through transport proteins?
Facilitated diffusion
What type of animals generate heat through their own metabolism?
Endotherms
Which cellular process helps maintain body temperature?
Metabolism
What type of feedback mechanism attempts to maintain a target level?
Negative feedback
Which type of cellular transport requires the cell to use energy to move molecules against the concentration gradient?
Active transport
What is the name of the process by which plants use energy from sunlight to make sugar and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water?
Photosynthesis
What triggers nearby fruits to start ripening and producing ethylene?
Ethylene emission from a ripening fruit
What is the primary hormone produced by beta cells in response to a carbohydrate-heavy meal?
Insulin
What is the role of glucagon in the feedback mechanism for blood glucose levels?
Tells cells and liver to free up stored glucose
Which type of diabetes occurs when the body stops recognizing insulin?
Type II diabetes
What is the process by which carbon dioxide and water are converted to sugar and oxygen using sunlight referred to as?
Photosynthesis
What are the products of glycolysis?
Two pyruvate, two NADH, and two net ATP
What happens in the transition reaction of cellular respiration?
Pyruvate is broken down and combined with coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA
Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
In the mitochondria
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
Oxygen
What are the byproducts of lactic fermentation in anaerobic respiration?
Lactic acid
Why is cellular respiration important for living organisms?
It liberates cellular energy as ATP, essential for life
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
To release stored energy from sugar and convert it into ATP
Why is cellular respiration necessary for life?
To convert energy stored in sugar into a more usable form (ATP)
Which organelle acts as the site for cellular energy production in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria
In which stage of aerobic cellular respiration does glycolysis occur?
Glycolysis does not need oxygen to occur
What is the starting material for glycolysis?
Glucose
What is the most common form of cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?
Aerobic respiration
What process do plants perform to convert energy from sunlight into food?
Photosynthesis
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O yields C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Reflecting green wavelengths of light
What happens when chlorophyll absorbs light energy?
Electrons jump to a high energy level
What is the method of organizing different species of life on Earth known as?
Hierarchical classification
What is the last level of species in the taxonomic classification system?
Species
What does taxonomic classification use to identify different species?
Last two taxonomic levels, genus and species
What compound absorbs a particular wavelength of visible light in plants' chloroplasts?
Chlorophyll
What is the range of wavelengths from radio waves to high-energy gamma rays called?
Electromagnetic spectrum
Test your knowledge about photosynthesis and how organisms use the energy stored in sugar molecules. Learn how plants synthesize sugar and how organisms break down the sugar to release its stored energy.
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