Photosynthesis and Respiration Quiz

Process where plants use sunlight to create food (glucose) from carbon dioxide and water.

Organism that makes its own food, e.g., plants.

Organism that gets food from consuming other organisms, e.g., animals.

Organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis happens.

Carbon dioxide and water, used to make glucose.

Glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

The movement of carbon through the earth's environment.

Cell type containing chloroplasts and other organelles needed for plant life.

Part of photosynthesis where light energy is converted into chemical energy (ATP).

Part of photosynthesis where the chemical energy from the light-dependent reaction is used to produce sugars.

Green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

A series of chemical reactions in light reactions that produce energy.

The molecule that receives electrons at the end of an electron transport chain, such as in photosynthesis or cellular respiration.

The molecules used by the Calvin Cycle for glucose synthesis: carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH.

The molecules produced by the Calvin Cycle: glucose, ATP, and NADPH.

A five-carbon sugar molecule that captures carbon dioxide in the Calvin Cycle.

Molecules in the Calvin Cycle that have gained electrons, like sugar and NADPH.

Factors that influence the speed of photosynthesis, such as light quality, light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature.

The process in the Calvin Cycle where carbon dioxide is converted into an organic compound.

Plants need specific wavelengths of light for photosynthesis. Some plants prefer sun, shade, or a mix. Artificial light can be used to supplement natural light.

Increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) levels boost the rate of photosynthesis. This is why greenhouses often use CO2 enrichment for crop growth.

Photosynthesis has an optimal temperature range. Too hot or too cold, and the process slows down.

Water is essential for photosynthesis. Drought can lead to stomata closure, reducing CO2 intake and slowing down the process.

The growth stage of a plant can influence photosynthetic rate. Different parts of a plant have different needs.

In plants, 'sources' produce food (sugars) through photosynthesis, while 'sinks' consume or store it. The balance between these affects growth.

Photosynthesis is influenced by various factors, including light, CO2, temperature, water availability, and the plant's own development.

Understanding photosynthesis allows us to optimize plant growth in greenhouses, increase crop yields, and improve agricultural practices.

The process of breaking down glucose to release energy for cellular activities.

The first step in respiration, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate.

The second stage of respiration, where pyruvate is completely broken down into CO2.

The final step of respiration, where most ATP is produced.

Organelles in eukaryotic cells where the Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport System take place.

A 3-carbon molecule produced during glycolysis, used as fuel in the Krebs Cycle.

The light intensity where photosynthesis and respiration rates are equal.

Respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen, producing less ATP and producing byproducts like lactic acid.

The folded inner membranes of mitochondria where the Electron Transport System takes place.

A photosynthetic pathway used by some plants to optimize carbon dioxide uptake, especially in hot and dry environments.

Plants that have a special adaptation where they use a C4 pathway to fix carbon dioxide and produce a 4-carbon compound before entering the Calvin cycle.

In C4 plants, carbon dioxide is first captured by an enzyme called PEP carboxylase in mesophyll cells. It is then transported to bundle sheath cells with a high CO2 concentration, preventing photorespiration. The Calvin cycle then proceeds as usual to produce sugars.

A process that occurs in C3 plants where the enzyme RuBisCo mistakenly binds to oxygen instead of carbon dioxide during the Calvin cycle, leading to a loss of energy and reduced sugar production.

Most plants use the C3 photosynthetic pathway. They initially capture CO2 in the first step of the Calvin cycle, producing a 3-carbon compound.

A specialized photosynthetic pathway primarily used by succulent plants in arid environments. They open their stomata at night to capture carbon dioxide and store it as an organic acid. This acid is then used during the day to fuel the Calvin cycle when stomata are closed.

Both C4 and CAM pathways help plants in hot, dry environments to conserve water by limiting the amount of time their stomata are open, reducing water loss and increasing CO2 uptake while minimizing photorespiration.

Both C4 and CAM pathways involve the initial fixation of CO2 into a 4-carbon compound. However, C4 plants separate the initial CO2 fixation (in mesophyll cells) from the Calvin cycle (in bundle sheath cells). CAM plants, on the other hand, fix CO2 at night and utilize it during the day.