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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
What is the primary role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
During which phase of photosynthesis is ATP produced?
During which phase of photosynthesis is ATP produced?
What are the main reactants required for photosynthesis?
What are the main reactants required for photosynthesis?
What is produced as a result of the Light Reaction}
What is produced as a result of the Light Reaction}
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Which photon wavelengths primarily excite electrons in chlorophyll?
Which photon wavelengths primarily excite electrons in chlorophyll?
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What is the main function of the Calvin Cycle?
What is the main function of the Calvin Cycle?
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What byproduct is generated from the splitting of water during photosynthesis?
What byproduct is generated from the splitting of water during photosynthesis?
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Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is incorrect?
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What is the primary source of carbon used by autotrophs during photosynthesis?
What is the primary source of carbon used by autotrophs during photosynthesis?
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Which of the following statements best describes heterotrophs?
Which of the following statements best describes heterotrophs?
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What occurs during the Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis?
What occurs during the Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis?
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Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of photosynthesis?
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What is the main function of chloroplasts in plants?
What is the main function of chloroplasts in plants?
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Which process is primarily associated with mitochondria in plant cells?
Which process is primarily associated with mitochondria in plant cells?
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What is the significance of the carbon cycle in relation to photosynthesis?
What is the significance of the carbon cycle in relation to photosynthesis?
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In simple terms, what is photosynthesis?
In simple terms, what is photosynthesis?
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What is the main function of NADPH in photosynthesis?
What is the main function of NADPH in photosynthesis?
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Which of the following is NOT an output of the Calvin Cycle?
Which of the following is NOT an output of the Calvin Cycle?
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What are the initial inputs for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
What are the initial inputs for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
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What does the Calvin Cycle primarily achieve?
What does the Calvin Cycle primarily achieve?
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Which factor significantly affects the rate of photosynthesis related to light?
Which factor significantly affects the rate of photosynthesis related to light?
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During which stage of photosynthesis is ATP primarily produced?
During which stage of photosynthesis is ATP primarily produced?
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What role does RuBP play in the Calvin Cycle?
What role does RuBP play in the Calvin Cycle?
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What process uses light energy to generate ATP and NADPH?
What process uses light energy to generate ATP and NADPH?
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What effect does increasing carbon dioxide concentration have on the rate of photosynthesis?
What effect does increasing carbon dioxide concentration have on the rate of photosynthesis?
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What is a consequence of very high temperatures on photosynthesis?
What is a consequence of very high temperatures on photosynthesis?
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Which practice can improve CO2 availability in greenhouse-grown crops?
Which practice can improve CO2 availability in greenhouse-grown crops?
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How does drought impact photosynthesis in plants?
How does drought impact photosynthesis in plants?
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What is the relationship between temperature and the rate of photosynthesis?
What is the relationship between temperature and the rate of photosynthesis?
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What role does water play in the light reaction of photosynthesis?
What role does water play in the light reaction of photosynthesis?
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Which type of plants are primarily affected by high temperatures during photosynthesis?
Which type of plants are primarily affected by high temperatures during photosynthesis?
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What factor is NOT typically considered to affect the rate of photosynthesis?
What factor is NOT typically considered to affect the rate of photosynthesis?
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What happens to stomates in C3 plants on hot, sunny days?
What happens to stomates in C3 plants on hot, sunny days?
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What molecule does CO2 bind to in C4 plants?
What molecule does CO2 bind to in C4 plants?
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What is a consequence of photorespiration in C3 plants?
What is a consequence of photorespiration in C3 plants?
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During which time does CAM photosynthesis primarily occur?
During which time does CAM photosynthesis primarily occur?
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How does the Calvin Cycle function in C4 plants?
How does the Calvin Cycle function in C4 plants?
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What is one role of the bundle sheath in C4 plants?
What is one role of the bundle sheath in C4 plants?
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In what way does C4 photosynthesis prevent photorespiration?
In what way does C4 photosynthesis prevent photorespiration?
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What is one advantage of CAM photosynthesis?
What is one advantage of CAM photosynthesis?
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What is the main product of glycolysis?
What is the main product of glycolysis?
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Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?
Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?
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Which of the following steps is the final step of cellular respiration?
Which of the following steps is the final step of cellular respiration?
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What is the light compensation point?
What is the light compensation point?
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Which molecule is produced alongside CO2 during the Krebs Cycle?
Which molecule is produced alongside CO2 during the Krebs Cycle?
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What is the primary role of the electron transport system?
What is the primary role of the electron transport system?
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Which of the following correctly describes glycolysis?
Which of the following correctly describes glycolysis?
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How many ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?
How many ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?
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What is the primary function of respiration in cells?
What is the primary function of respiration in cells?
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Which of the following is not a step in cellular respiration?
Which of the following is not a step in cellular respiration?
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis and Respiration
- Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy to chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates.
- The reactants for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and water, with light providing the energy.
- The products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen.
- Chlorophyll absorbs solar energy, exciting electrons.
- The electron transport chain transports electrons.
- The Calvin cycle produces sugars from carbon dioxide.
- Factors affecting photosynthesis include light quality (wavelength), light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, water availability, plant development and source-sink relationships, and plant photosynthetic mechanisms.
- C3 plants use the Calvin cycle directly, while C4 plants use a specialized pathway to concentrate carbon dioxide.
- CAM plants open their stomata at night to take in carbon dioxide.
Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs
- Autotrophs are self-feeders, using carbon dioxide as their primary carbon source, producing their own food through photosynthesis.
- Heterotrophs cannot manufacture their own food; they consume other organisms as a carbon source.
The Carbon Cycle
- The carbon cycle is the process through which carbon is exchanged among the atmosphere, terrestrial biosphere, oceans, and sediments.
- Processes in the cycle include photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition.
Plant Cells
- Plant cells contain chloroplasts, where photosynthesis takes place.
- Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, necessary for capturing light energy.
- Plant cells also have mitochondria, where respiration occurs.
Photosynthetic Mechanisms
- C3 plants: The CO2 that enters the leaf is used in the Calvin cycle to make 3-carbon compounds.
- C4 plants: CO2 is attached to a 3-carbon molecule, forming a 4-carbon molecule. The 4-carbon molecule releases CO2 for use in the Calvin cycle, increasing the concentration of CO2 in the bundle sheath cells.
- CAM plants: These plants open their stomata to take in CO2 at night, when it is cooler, preventing water loss, and store the CO2 in organic acids. During the day, they convert the organic acids to CO2 and use it in the Calvin cycle.
Respiration
- Respiration is the process of oxidizing food (sugars) to release energy.
- It occurs in three steps: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport.
- The process converts the chemical energy in glucose to ATP, a usable form of energy.
- Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration.
- Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen and produces less ATP.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. This quiz covers the key elements, including the light-dependent and light-independent reactions, different types of plants, and factors affecting photosynthesis. See how well you understand these vital biological processes!
