Photosynthesis and Plant Resource Acquisition Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of photosynthesis in plants?

Releasing energy

Building sugars (correct)

Building proteins

Extracting energy from sugars

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration in plants?

Building sugars

Releasing energy

Extracting energy stored in sugars (correct)

Building proteins

What type of work does ATP primarily perform in living cells?

Mechanical Work

Transport Work

Structural Work

Chemical Work (correct)

Why are plants green?

Chlorophyll reflects green wavelength of light Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the free energy in a closed system?

Reactions eventually reach equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why living systems do not reach equilibrium?

Energy still comes in, matter can't enter or exit Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for plants to use light energy to build organic molecules?

Stores energy in chemical bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical process in both respiration and photosynthesis involving electron transfer?

Redox Reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the water potential of pure water in an open beaker at room temperature?

Zero Signup and view all the answers

What does the solute potential of a solution depend on?

Number of dissolved molecules Signup and view all the answers

What supports plant cells and tissues, especially young, non-woody tissues?

Turgor pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main driving force for the transport of water and minerals from roots to shoots via the xylem?

Transpiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Casparian strip in the endodermis?

Blocks apoplastic transfer of minerals Signup and view all the answers

What allows water to withstand transpiration according to the Cohesion-Tension Hypothesis?

Hydrogen bonding of water molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism for the transport of xylem sap from roots to leaves?

Bulk flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased surface tension during transpiration according to the Cohesion-Tension Hypothesis?

Pulls water from surrounding cells and air spaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force for the movement of xylem sap against gravity?

Cohesion-tension mechanism Signup and view all the answers

Which structural adaptation helps reduce evaporative water loss in plants adapted to arid climates?

Thicker waxy cuticle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of phloem sap in flowering plants?

Sucrose Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of companion cells in the phloem?

Provide needed proteins to sieve tube cells Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the opening and closing of stomata?

Changes in turgor pressure Signup and view all the answers

What drives the movement of phloem sap from source to sink?

Positive pressure flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of guttation in plants?

Continued water uptake in roots Signup and view all the answers

What prevents vessel elements and tracheids from collapsing under negative pressure in the xylem?

Thick secondary walls Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor determining the rate of transpiration in plants?

Relative humidity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism for sugar loading into sieve-tube elements in the phloem?

Active transport with protons via cotransport Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force for the movement of water in the xylem?

Cohesion and adhesion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pathway for water loss in plants?

Stomata Signup and view all the answers

What did W. Engelmann experiment with in 1883?

Filamentous algae and different light wavelengths Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered purple sulfur bacteria using H2S in photosynthesis?

C.B van Neil (1930) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two stages of photosynthesis?

Light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions Signup and view all the answers

Why does chlorophyll appear green?

It absorbs light mainly in the red and blue part of the visible spectrum Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules are included in photosynthetic pigments?

Reaction center chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids Signup and view all the answers

Where does light energy transduction occur?

In photosystems I and II, consisting of chlorophyll and pigment molecules Signup and view all the answers

What does cyclic phosphorylation in PSI produce?

Additional ATP for the Calvin cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the practical application of blocking photosynthetic reactions?

To prevent weed growth Signup and view all the answers

What does the Calvin Cycle involve?

Carbon fixation reactions producing a 3-carbon sugar called PGAL Signup and view all the answers

What happens to triose phosphate in the Calvin Cycle?

Converted to starch, exported from chloroplast, and used in cellular respiration Signup and view all the answers

Who identified the carbon flow in the Calvin cycle and its three stages?

Melvin Calvin Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of low CO2 levels in plants?

Increase in photorespiration Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition do mutant Arabidopsis plants without photorespiration survive?

High CO2 levels Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of CAM photosynthesis?

Fixes CO2 at night and conserves water Signup and view all the answers

What are the adaptations to reduce losses to photorespiration?

Carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms and spatial/temporal segregation Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor in plant distribution and transport in vascular plants?

Water Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of stomata closing due to water stress?

O2 build up and depletion of CO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of photorespiration?

Consuming O2 while producing CO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of incomplete/facultative CAM plants?

Recycling CO2 from respiration under drought stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the involvement of C4 photosynthesis?

CO2 concentrating mechanisms and spatial segregation of photosynthetic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of shoot and root architecture in resource acquisition and transport in vascular plants?

Enhanced resource acquisition and transport Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of CAM photosynthesis in extremely arid environments?

High water use efficiency rates Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of chloroplast avoidance and chemiosmosis in C4 photosynthesis?

Increased cost Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Photosynthesis and Resource Acquisition in Plants

Rubisco enzyme catalyzes the reaction between RUBP and CO2, fixing CO2 80x faster than O2 and can also react with oxygen
Low CO2 levels lead to photorespiration, consuming O2 while producing CO2, and occurring in light
Stomata closing due to water stress causes O2 build up, depleting CO2 and favoring photorespiration
Mutant Arabidopsis plants without photorespiration can only survive under high CO2
Adaptations to reduce losses to photorespiration include carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms and spatial/temporal segregation
C4 photosynthesis involves CO2 concentrating mechanisms and spatial segregation of photosynthetic cells
CAM photosynthesis fixes CO2 at night, conserves water, and is simple, with morphological features minimizing water loss
Incomplete/Facultative CAM plants can recycle CO2 from respiration and occur only under drought stress
CAM has high water use efficiency rates in extremely arid environments
C4 is more costly than C3 and CAM, involving chloroplast avoidance and chemiosmosis
Shoot and root architecture, as well as microbial mutualists, are key in resource acquisition and transport in vascular plants
Water is a major factor in plant distribution, with important properties including cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension, and transport routes including apoplastic, symplastic, and transmembrane routes

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Description

Test your knowledge of photosynthesis and resource acquisition in plants with this informative quiz. Explore the role of enzymes like Rubisco, the impact of low CO2 levels on photorespiration, and the adaptations plants use to reduce losses. Dive into the different types of photosynthesis, such as C4 and CAM, and their unique mechanisms. Gain insights into the importance of water in plant distribution and the role of shoot and root architecture in resource acquisition.