Photosynthesis and Organisms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of autotrophs?

To produce their own food for energy (correct)

To convert inorganic materials into glucose

To consume other organisms for energy

To depend entirely on heterotrophs for survival

What are the products of the light reactions in photosynthesis?

Oxygen and NADPH (correct)

Hydrogen and glucose

ATP and NADP+

Glucose and oxygen

Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?

In the thylakoid membrane

In the cytoplasm

In the chloroplast stroma (correct)

In the matrix of the mitochondria

Which molecule is utilized in the Calvin Cycle to produce glucose?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What effect does temperature have on photosynthesis?

Extreme temperatures can inhibit photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?

It absorbs light energy for photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the following events during photosynthesis?

Light reactions → Calvin Cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reactant absorbed from the atmosphere for the Calvin Cycle?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cristae in the mitochondria?

Increase surface area for cellular respiration Signup and view all the answers

During glycolysis, what is produced from one molecule of glucose?

2 pyruvate Signup and view all the answers

What is produced during the Krebs Cycle?

2 ATP and 6 CO2 Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place within the mitochondria?

On the cristae membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate source of energy for all life on Earth?

Both Heterotrophs and Autotrophs Signup and view all the answers

What is the final output of the Electron Transport Chain?

34 ATP and water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes ATP?

A mobile unit of energy that stores and releases energy Signup and view all the answers

What is produced when ATP is used in a reaction?

ADP (adenosine diphosphate) Signup and view all the answers

What role do hydrogen ions (H+) play in the process of ATP synthesis?

They create a concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of ATP synthase?

To convert ADP to ATP using proton flow Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is anaerobic?

Glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

What happens during fermentation in the absence of oxygen?

It results in the production of carbon dioxide and ethanol or lactic acid Signup and view all the answers

Where does aerobic cellular respiration primarily take place?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is NOT considered a high-energy molecule?

ADP Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Signup and view all the answers

Which stages of cellular respiration occurs after glycolysis?

Krebs Cycle Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Autotrophs

Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food, converting it into energy.
They are also called producers.
Examples include plants and algae.

Heterotrophs

Heterotrophs are organisms that must consume other organisms for food and energy.
They are also called consumers.
Examples include animals and fungi.

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process where autotrophs absorb energy from the sun to produce sugar.
The chemical equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Autotrophs contain chlorophyll, which absorbs all light except for green light.
Chlorophyll is located in the chloroplasts of cells.
Chloroplasts contain sacs called thylakoids, stacked into structures known as grana.
The fluid-filled area around the grana is called the stroma.
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts.
Light reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane.
Light reactions convert water, sunlight, ADP, and NADP⁺ into hydrogen, oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.
The Calvin cycle (dark reactions/light-independent reactions) occurs in the stroma.
The Calvin cycle converts CO₂, ATP, and NADPH into glucose, ADP, and NADP⁺.
Environmental factors like water, temperature, and light can impact photosynthesis rates.

Energy Molecules

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a mobile energy unit used to store and release energy in all living organisms.
ADP (adenosine diphosphate) is produced when ATP is used in a reaction.
Adenosine is a nitrogen base.
ATP produces energy when a phosphate group is released via hydrolysis.
NAD⁺/NADH and NADP⁺/NADPH are other electron carriers.
ADP and NAD/NADH represent low energy molecules.
ATP and NADP/NADPH represent high energy molecules.
Energy molecules are used in cellular processes like movement, transport, digestion, and repair.

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is the process where the body converts food into energy for cells.
It can occur either aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen).
The chemical equation for cellular respiration is: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP
The process starts with glycolysis (anaerobic process that splits glucose).
Then the Krebs Cycle (aerobic process that breaks down glucose into smaller carbon molecules)
Finally, the Electron Transport Chain (aerobic process that creates ATP)
Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria, with the cristae being the folds of the membrane and the matrix a fluid filled area.

Fermentation

Fermentation occurs when oxygen is not available.
Fermentation produces less ATP than cellular respiration.
Types include alcoholic fermentation (in bacteria and yeast; produces ethyl alcohol + carbon dioxide; used in alcohol and bread production) and lactic acid fermentation (in muscle cells and bacteria; produces lactic acid; causes burning sensation after exercise; used in sauerkraut and yogurt production).

Summary of ATP production

Glycolysis generates 2 ATP.
Krebs cycle produces 2 ATP.
The electron transport chain creates 34 ATP.

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Description

Test your knowledge on autotrophs and heterotrophs with this quiz, which covers their definitions, examples, and the process of photosynthesis. Understand how plants and other producers convert sunlight into energy, along with the structure and function of chloroplasts.