Photosynthesis and Energy Processes

Questions and Answers

Chlorophyll is found in the __________ of chloroplasts.

thylakoid membranes

Carbon dioxide enters a leaf through the _____.

stomata

Chlorophyll molecules are found in which part of the chloroplast?

thylakoid membrane

Electrons (with accompanying protons) are added to CO2 during photosynthesis.

True Signup and view all the answers

Photosynthesis is an process in which carbon is , whereas cellular respiration is an process in which carbon is .

endergonic : reduced : exergonic : oxidized Signup and view all the answers

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are similar in that both involve _____.

oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions Signup and view all the answers

The light reactions of photosynthesis involve

reduction of NADP+ Signup and view all the answers

The conversion of NADP+ to NADPH occurs with the assistance of

electrons from water and energy from sunlight Signup and view all the answers

The photosynthetic event known as the Calvin cycle occurs in the

stroma Signup and view all the answers

The 'photo-' part of the word photosynthesis refers to the _, whereas '-synthesis' refers to _.

light reactions that occur in the thylakoids : carbon fixation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following colors of light are useful during the process of photosynthesis?

blue, red, and violet Signup and view all the answers

Considering the wavelengths of light shown below, the pigments in the granum absorb mainly in which range?

Blue-Violet and Red-Orange Signup and view all the answers

The most important role of pigments in photosynthesis is to _____.

capture light energy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following colors is most strongly reflected by chlorophyll?

green Signup and view all the answers

The primary function of light absorption by photosystems I and II is to produce __________.

a free, energized electron Signup and view all the answers

When chloroplast pigments absorb light, _____.

their electrons become excited Signup and view all the answers

The reaction center, antenna molecules, and primary electron acceptors that cluster in the thylakoid membrane form which structure?

photosystem Signup and view all the answers

Electrons are supplied to chlorophyll P680 as it reduces the primary electron acceptor.

True Signup and view all the answers

The light reactions of photosynthesis generate high-energy electrons, which end up in . The light reactions also produce and __.

NADPH : ATP : oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor for cellular respiration. What is the final electron acceptor in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

NADP+ Signup and view all the answers

Where do the electrons needed by photosystem II originate?

Water Signup and view all the answers

The splitting of water molecules provides the source of electrons for photosystem II.

H2O...photosystem II Signup and view all the answers

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts _____.

use an H+ gradient to produce ATP Signup and view all the answers

In simple summary form, the input of the Calvin cycle for every product is , and the output is used for glucose synthesis.

3 CO2...; a three-carbon molecule Signup and view all the answers

How many turns of the Calvin cycle are required to produce one G3P molecule?

three Signup and view all the answers

In the Calvin cycle carbon dioxide provides ___, whereas ATP and NADPH provide _ and ___, respectively.

carbon...energy...high-energy electrons Signup and view all the answers

Although the reactions of the Calvin cycle are not directly dependent on light, they usually do not occur at night.

True Signup and view all the answers

The Calvin cycle is a series of reactions that _____.

assemble sugar molecules by fixing carbon Signup and view all the answers

A red chemical dye known as phenol red changes to yellow when CO2 is present. A small green plant seedling is placed in phenol red and then placed in the dark. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

The solution is red to begin with, and it will turn yellow because respiration is occurring. Signup and view all the answers

You have a large, healthy philodendron that you carelessly leave in total darkness while you are away on vacation. You are surprised to find that it is still alive when you return. What has the plant been using for an energy source while in the dark?

While it did have access to light before you left, the plant stored energy in the form of sugars or starch, and it was able to derive energy from those during your vacation. Signup and view all the answers

Solar radiation warms the surface of the planet and then is radiated back in the form of __________.

heat Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of the current amplification of global climate change?

Human activity is increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases, which delays the escape of heat from the planet. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of global climate change?

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Photosynthesis and Chloroplast Function

Chlorophyll resides in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, where light absorption for photosynthesis takes place.
Stomata are the leaf openings allowing carbon dioxide to enter for gas exchange.
Grana consist of stacks of thylakoids; thylakoid membranes specifically contain chlorophyll molecules.
Reduction of CO2 to sugar involves adding electrons (and protons), showcasing the process of reductions during photosynthesis.

Energy Processes: Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis is an endergonic process where carbon is reduced, while cellular respiration is exergonic and oxidizes carbon.
Both processes involve oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions essential for energy transformation.

Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

NADP+ is reduced during light reactions, facilitating CO2 reduction in the Calvin cycle.
Light energy splits water molecules to provide electrons for NADP+, forming NADPH.
The Calvin cycle, occurring in the stroma, processes the results of the light reactions to fix carbon.

Importance of Light in Photosynthesis

The "photo-" part of photosynthesis relates to light reactions, whereas "-synthesis" pertains to carbon fixation.
Blue, red, and violet wavelengths are most useful in photosynthesis; chlorophyll reflects green light.
Plant pigments primarily capture light energy to fuel light reactions.

Functions and Products of Photosystems

Photosystems consist of a reaction center, antenna molecules, and primary electron acceptors, crucial for light reactions.
Chlorophyll P680 donates electrons to the primary electron acceptor while replenishing from water splitting, which also releases oxygen.
Light reactions generate NADPH, ATP, and oxygen, with NADP+ being the final electron acceptor.

Calvin Cycle and Carbon Fixation

The Calvin cycle requires three CO2 to produce one G3P molecule through multiple turns.
ATP and NADPH supply energy and high-energy electrons necessary for carbon fixation.
Despite not directly needing light, the Calvin cycle relies on products of light reactions for its processes.

Effects of Light Absence and Plant Adaptation

In the dark, plants will continue cellular respiration, consuming stored sugars while lacking photosynthesis.
Plants can utilize stored energy in form of sugars or starch when light is unavailable.

Environmental Impact and Climate Change

Solar radiation warms the planet and converts to heat, influencing atmospheric conditions.
Human activities have amplified global climate change by increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, impacting temperature and extreme weather patterns.
Polar ice caps are shrinking, countering the idea of net growth due to global climate change.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of photosynthesis, including the function of chloroplasts and the differences between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Explore the processes of light reactions and the Calvin cycle, along with the roles of chlorophyll and NADP+. Test your understanding of these essential energy transformations.

Photosynthesis and Energy Processes

Questions and Answers

Chlorophyll is found in the __________ of chloroplasts.

Carbon dioxide enters a leaf through the _____.

Chlorophyll molecules are found in which part of the chloroplast?

Electrons (with accompanying protons) are added to CO2 during photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is an __________ process in which carbon is __________, whereas cellular respiration is an __________ process in which carbon is __________.

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are similar in that both involve _____.

The light reactions of photosynthesis involve

The conversion of NADP+ to NADPH occurs with the assistance of

The photosynthetic event known as the Calvin cycle occurs in the

The 'photo-' part of the word photosynthesis refers to the _____, whereas '-synthesis' refers to _____.

Which of the following colors of light are useful during the process of photosynthesis?

Considering the wavelengths of light shown below, the pigments in the granum absorb mainly in which range?

The most important role of pigments in photosynthesis is to _____.

Which of the following colors is most strongly reflected by chlorophyll?

The primary function of light absorption by photosystems I and II is to produce __________.

When chloroplast pigments absorb light, _____.

The reaction center, antenna molecules, and primary electron acceptors that cluster in the thylakoid membrane form which structure?

Electrons are supplied to chlorophyll P680 as it reduces the primary electron acceptor.

The light reactions of photosynthesis generate high-energy electrons, which end up in __________. The light reactions also produce __________ and __________.

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor for cellular respiration. What is the final electron acceptor in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Where do the electrons needed by photosystem II originate?

The splitting of water molecules provides the source of electrons for photosystem II.

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts _____.

In simple summary form, the input of the Calvin cycle for every product is __________, and the output is __________ used for glucose synthesis.

How many turns of the Calvin cycle are required to produce one G3P molecule?

In the Calvin cycle carbon dioxide provides _____, whereas ATP and NADPH provide _____ and _____, respectively.

Although the reactions of the Calvin cycle are not directly dependent on light, they usually do not occur at night.

The Calvin cycle is a series of reactions that _____.

A red chemical dye known as phenol red changes to yellow when CO2 is present. A small green plant seedling is placed in phenol red and then placed in the dark. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

You have a large, healthy philodendron that you carelessly leave in total darkness while you are away on vacation. You are surprised to find that it is still alive when you return. What has the plant been using for an energy source while in the dark?

Solar radiation warms the surface of the planet and then is radiated back in the form of __________.

What is the main cause of the current amplification of global climate change?

Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of global climate change?

Study Notes

Photosynthesis and Chloroplast Function

Energy Processes: Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration

Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

Importance of Light in Photosynthesis

Functions and Products of Photosystems

Calvin Cycle and Carbon Fixation

Effects of Light Absence and Plant Adaptation

Environmental Impact and Climate Change

Studying That Suits You

Description

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Photosynthesis is an process in which carbon is , whereas cellular respiration is an process in which carbon is .

The 'photo-' part of the word photosynthesis refers to the _, whereas '-synthesis' refers to _.

The light reactions of photosynthesis generate high-energy electrons, which end up in . The light reactions also produce and __.

In simple summary form, the input of the Calvin cycle for every product is , and the output is used for glucose synthesis.

In the Calvin cycle carbon dioxide provides ___, whereas ATP and NADPH provide _ and ___, respectively.