Podcast
Questions and Answers
Chlorophyll is found in the __________ of chloroplasts.
Chlorophyll is found in the __________ of chloroplasts.
thylakoid membranes
Carbon dioxide enters a leaf through the _____.
Carbon dioxide enters a leaf through the _____.
stomata
Chlorophyll molecules are found in which part of the chloroplast?
Chlorophyll molecules are found in which part of the chloroplast?
thylakoid membrane
Electrons (with accompanying protons) are added to CO2 during photosynthesis.
Electrons (with accompanying protons) are added to CO2 during photosynthesis.
Signup and view all the answers
Photosynthesis is an __________ process in which carbon is __________, whereas cellular respiration is an __________ process in which carbon is __________.
Photosynthesis is an __________ process in which carbon is __________, whereas cellular respiration is an __________ process in which carbon is __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are similar in that both involve _____.
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are similar in that both involve _____.
Signup and view all the answers
The light reactions of photosynthesis involve
The light reactions of photosynthesis involve
Signup and view all the answers
The conversion of NADP+ to NADPH occurs with the assistance of
The conversion of NADP+ to NADPH occurs with the assistance of
Signup and view all the answers
The photosynthetic event known as the Calvin cycle occurs in the
The photosynthetic event known as the Calvin cycle occurs in the
Signup and view all the answers
The 'photo-' part of the word photosynthesis refers to the _____, whereas '-synthesis' refers to _____.
The 'photo-' part of the word photosynthesis refers to the _____, whereas '-synthesis' refers to _____.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following colors of light are useful during the process of photosynthesis?
Which of the following colors of light are useful during the process of photosynthesis?
Signup and view all the answers
Considering the wavelengths of light shown below, the pigments in the granum absorb mainly in which range?
Considering the wavelengths of light shown below, the pigments in the granum absorb mainly in which range?
Signup and view all the answers
The most important role of pigments in photosynthesis is to _____.
The most important role of pigments in photosynthesis is to _____.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following colors is most strongly reflected by chlorophyll?
Which of the following colors is most strongly reflected by chlorophyll?
Signup and view all the answers
The primary function of light absorption by photosystems I and II is to produce __________.
The primary function of light absorption by photosystems I and II is to produce __________.
Signup and view all the answers
When chloroplast pigments absorb light, _____.
When chloroplast pigments absorb light, _____.
Signup and view all the answers
The reaction center, antenna molecules, and primary electron acceptors that cluster in the thylakoid membrane form which structure?
The reaction center, antenna molecules, and primary electron acceptors that cluster in the thylakoid membrane form which structure?
Signup and view all the answers
Electrons are supplied to chlorophyll P680 as it reduces the primary electron acceptor.
Electrons are supplied to chlorophyll P680 as it reduces the primary electron acceptor.
Signup and view all the answers
The light reactions of photosynthesis generate high-energy electrons, which end up in __________. The light reactions also produce __________ and __________.
The light reactions of photosynthesis generate high-energy electrons, which end up in __________. The light reactions also produce __________ and __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor for cellular respiration. What is the final electron acceptor in the light reactions of photosynthesis?
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor for cellular respiration. What is the final electron acceptor in the light reactions of photosynthesis?
Signup and view all the answers
Where do the electrons needed by photosystem II originate?
Where do the electrons needed by photosystem II originate?
Signup and view all the answers
The splitting of water molecules provides the source of electrons for photosystem II.
The splitting of water molecules provides the source of electrons for photosystem II.
Signup and view all the answers
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts _____.
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts _____.
Signup and view all the answers
In simple summary form, the input of the Calvin cycle for every product is __________, and the output is __________ used for glucose synthesis.
In simple summary form, the input of the Calvin cycle for every product is __________, and the output is __________ used for glucose synthesis.
Signup and view all the answers
How many turns of the Calvin cycle are required to produce one G3P molecule?
How many turns of the Calvin cycle are required to produce one G3P molecule?
Signup and view all the answers
In the Calvin cycle carbon dioxide provides _____, whereas ATP and NADPH provide _____ and _____, respectively.
In the Calvin cycle carbon dioxide provides _____, whereas ATP and NADPH provide _____ and _____, respectively.
Signup and view all the answers
Although the reactions of the Calvin cycle are not directly dependent on light, they usually do not occur at night.
Although the reactions of the Calvin cycle are not directly dependent on light, they usually do not occur at night.
Signup and view all the answers
The Calvin cycle is a series of reactions that _____.
The Calvin cycle is a series of reactions that _____.
Signup and view all the answers
A red chemical dye known as phenol red changes to yellow when CO2 is present. A small green plant seedling is placed in phenol red and then placed in the dark. Which of the following is most likely to occur?
A red chemical dye known as phenol red changes to yellow when CO2 is present. A small green plant seedling is placed in phenol red and then placed in the dark. Which of the following is most likely to occur?
Signup and view all the answers
You have a large, healthy philodendron that you carelessly leave in total darkness while you are away on vacation. You are surprised to find that it is still alive when you return. What has the plant been using for an energy source while in the dark?
You have a large, healthy philodendron that you carelessly leave in total darkness while you are away on vacation. You are surprised to find that it is still alive when you return. What has the plant been using for an energy source while in the dark?
Signup and view all the answers
Solar radiation warms the surface of the planet and then is radiated back in the form of __________.
Solar radiation warms the surface of the planet and then is radiated back in the form of __________.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main cause of the current amplification of global climate change?
What is the main cause of the current amplification of global climate change?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?
Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT an aspect of global climate change?
Which of the following is NOT an aspect of global climate change?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Photosynthesis and Chloroplast Function
- Chlorophyll resides in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, where light absorption for photosynthesis takes place.
- Stomata are the leaf openings allowing carbon dioxide to enter for gas exchange.
- Grana consist of stacks of thylakoids; thylakoid membranes specifically contain chlorophyll molecules.
- Reduction of CO2 to sugar involves adding electrons (and protons), showcasing the process of reductions during photosynthesis.
Energy Processes: Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration
- Photosynthesis is an endergonic process where carbon is reduced, while cellular respiration is exergonic and oxidizes carbon.
- Both processes involve oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions essential for energy transformation.
Light Reactions of Photosynthesis
- NADP+ is reduced during light reactions, facilitating CO2 reduction in the Calvin cycle.
- Light energy splits water molecules to provide electrons for NADP+, forming NADPH.
- The Calvin cycle, occurring in the stroma, processes the results of the light reactions to fix carbon.
Importance of Light in Photosynthesis
- The "photo-" part of photosynthesis relates to light reactions, whereas "-synthesis" pertains to carbon fixation.
- Blue, red, and violet wavelengths are most useful in photosynthesis; chlorophyll reflects green light.
- Plant pigments primarily capture light energy to fuel light reactions.
Functions and Products of Photosystems
- Photosystems consist of a reaction center, antenna molecules, and primary electron acceptors, crucial for light reactions.
- Chlorophyll P680 donates electrons to the primary electron acceptor while replenishing from water splitting, which also releases oxygen.
- Light reactions generate NADPH, ATP, and oxygen, with NADP+ being the final electron acceptor.
Calvin Cycle and Carbon Fixation
- The Calvin cycle requires three CO2 to produce one G3P molecule through multiple turns.
- ATP and NADPH supply energy and high-energy electrons necessary for carbon fixation.
- Despite not directly needing light, the Calvin cycle relies on products of light reactions for its processes.
Effects of Light Absence and Plant Adaptation
- In the dark, plants will continue cellular respiration, consuming stored sugars while lacking photosynthesis.
- Plants can utilize stored energy in form of sugars or starch when light is unavailable.
Environmental Impact and Climate Change
- Solar radiation warms the planet and converts to heat, influencing atmospheric conditions.
- Human activities have amplified global climate change by increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, impacting temperature and extreme weather patterns.
- Polar ice caps are shrinking, countering the idea of net growth due to global climate change.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of photosynthesis, including the function of chloroplasts and the differences between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Explore the processes of light reactions and the Calvin cycle, along with the roles of chlorophyll and NADP+. Test your understanding of these essential energy transformations.
