Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Quiz

Questions and Answers

What external factors impact the rate of photosynthesis in organisms?

Species type and genetic modification

Body size and age

Atmospheric pressure and soil properties

Temperature and light intensity (correct)

Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?

Mitochondrial matrix

Calvin cycle in the stroma

Cytoplasm of the cell

Thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts (correct)

What is the primary byproduct of cellular respiration?

Glucose

Carbon dioxide (correct)

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell?

Glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

It speeds up the reaction without being consumed Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms can synthesize their own food through processes such as photosynthesis?

Autotrophs Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) refer to?

Calories needed at rest Signup and view all the answers

Which component of cellular respiration takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Electron Transport Chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of herbivores in the trophic levels?

They are primary consumers that eat plants. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes a food web?

It represents interconnected food chains within an ecosystem. Signup and view all the answers

What component of DNA is responsible for coding genetic information?

Nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

What defines a homozygous individual?

They inherit the same version of a gene from both parents. Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of producers in the trophic pyramid?

At the base with the most energy. Signup and view all the answers

How are traits inherited according to the principle of heredity?

By the passing of genes from parents to offspring. Signup and view all the answers

What describes a chromosome's function?

It is a threadlike structure that carries genetic information. Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario does a heterozygous individual occur?

When different versions of a gene are inherited from each parent. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O > C6H12O6 + 6O2
Occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria; utilizes chloroplasts.
Light-dependent reactions take place in thylakoid membranes, while Calvin cycle occurs in chloroplast stroma.
Cellular respiration equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H2O.
Cellular respiration happens in all organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms.

Cellular Respiration Processes

Glycolysis: Occurs in cytoplasm and initiates glucose breakdown.
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle): Takes place in mitochondrial matrix, producing energy carriers.
Electron Transport Chain (ETC): Located in inner mitochondrial membrane, generates ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.

Metabolism

Metabolism encompasses all chemical processes in living organisms to maintain life.
Converts nutrients into energy, facilitating breathing, digestion, and hormone regulation.
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) represents the minimum energy needed at rest, accounting for 60%-70% of energy use.

Catalysts

Catalysts speed up chemical reactions without undergoing permanent change.
Can be natural (enzymes) or synthetic, optimizing reaction conditions and rates.

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

Autotrophs (producers) synthesize their own food via photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
Heterotrophs (consumers) rely on other organisms for nutrition, including herbivores (primary consumers) and carnivores (secondary/tertiary consumers).

Food Webs and Trophic Levels

Food webs are interconnected food chains showcasing the flow of energy and nutrients in ecosystems.
Trophic levels reflect hierarchical feeding stages: producers, consumers (herbivores and carnivores), and decomposers.
Trophic pyramids illustrate energy transfer; energy decreases from producers to top carnivores.

Genetic Information and Heredity

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) encodes genetic information and is structured as a double helix composed of nucleotides (A, T, C, G).
Heredity involves the genetic transmission of traits from parents to offspring.

Chromosomes and Genes

Chromosomes are threadlike structures in the nucleus, carrying genetic information through genes.
Genes are specific nucleotide sequences on chromosomes that determine characteristics and may code for proteins.

Heterozygous and Homozygous

Homozygous: Inherits the same gene version from both parents (e.g., two blonde hair alleles).
Heterozygous: Inherits different gene versions from each parent (e.g., one blonde hair allele and one dark hair allele).

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Description

Test your knowledge on the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. This quiz covers the chemical equations involved, the organisms that perform these functions, and the roles of organelles such as chloroplasts. Dive into the world of plant biology and understand how energy transformation occurs.