Gr 8 Natural Sciences June Exam (Medium)
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of energy for life on Earth?

  • Chemical potential energy
  • Glucose produced by plants
  • Radiant energy from the Sun (correct)
  • Starch stored in plant cells

    • Which pigment is involved in photosynthesis?

  • Chlorophyll (correct)
  • Glucose
  • Cellulose
  • Starch

    • What is the process by which organisms release energy from food?

  • Fermentation
  • Metabolism
  • Photosynthesis
  • Respiration (correct)

    • Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?

    <p>Chloroplasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy stored within chemical bonds available for release in chemical reactions?

    <p>Chemical potential energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the simple sugar produced by plants during photosynthesis?

    <p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for energy from the Sun in the form of light?

    <p>Radiant energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the storage form of glucose in plants, insoluble in water?

    <p>Starch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the global ecological system that integrates all living beings and their relationships?

    <p>Biosphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a population?

    <p>A group of impalas in a game reserve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of populations in relation to their environment?

    <p>Population Ecology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding?

    <p>Species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of ecological organization includes a community of living organisms and their non-living environment?

    <p>Ecosystem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a scientist who studies the relationships between organisms and their environment?

    <p>Ecologist (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings?

    <p>Ecology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would likely happen to a hippo population if the river at St. Lucia estuary dried up?

    <p>The population would decrease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for all the populations of different species that live and interact in a particular area?

    <p>Community (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>To convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of testing for starch in plants?

    <p>To validate the process of photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for plants and animals?

    <p>Food consumed through nutrition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of respiration that is exhaled by humans?

    <p>Carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using limewater to test for carbon dioxide?

    <p>To confirm the presence of carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of ecology?

    <p>The scientific study of how living organisms interact with each other and their environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glucose in photosynthesis?

    <p>To serve as food for the plant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for photosynthesis?

    <p>Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of starch that makes it ideal for long-term storage?

    <p>Insolubility in water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of respiration in organisms?

    <p>To release energy from food for life processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that refers to the non-living physical and chemical elements of an ecosystem?

    <p>Abiotic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the breakdown of glucose molecules to release energy for cellular processes?

    <p>Respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that describes the long-term interaction between individuals of different species within a community?

    <p>Symbiosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the natural environment where an organism resides?

    <p>Habitat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of interaction occurs when two or more species vie for the same limited resource?

    <p>Competition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that describes the seasonal movement of organisms from one habitat to another?

    <p>Migration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that refers to the living components of an ecosystem?

    <p>Biotic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of interaction does one organism benefit at the expense of the other, which is harmed?

    <p>Parasitism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that refers to an organism that hunts and feeds on other organisms?

    <p>Predator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the system of interactions that occurs in a specific physical space, and the collective functioning of all these systems on Earth constitutes the biosphere?

    <p>Ecosystem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of decomposers breaking down dead organisms?

    <p>The release of nutrients back into the environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a graphical representation of the energy available at each trophic level in an ecosystem?

    <p>Energy Pyramid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of energy consumed at each trophic level that is used for the organism's metabolic processes?

    <p>90% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that eats primary consumers?

    <p>Secondary Consumer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a complex network of interconnected food chains within an ecosystem?

    <p>Food Web (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sun in energy flow in ecosystems?

    <p>To convert energy into chemical energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to energy as it flows from one trophic level to the next?

    <p>It decreases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of food webs in ecosystems?

    <p>They contribute to the stability and resilience of ecosystems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that eats producers?

    <p>Primary Consumer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of human activities such as overfishing, deforestation, and pollution on ecosystems?

    <p>A decrease in ecosystem health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To break down dead or decaying matter and recycle nutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a food chain and a food web?

    <p>A food chain shows a single pathway, while a food web shows multiple interconnected pathways (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for consumers in an ecosystem?

    <p>Producers, through photosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of omnivores in an ecosystem?

    <p>To have a diverse diet that includes both plants and animals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the flow of energy from one organism to another within an ecosystem?

    <p>Energy transfer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of energy loss at each trophic level in an ecosystem?

    <p>A decrease in the energy available to consumers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of predator-prey relationships in an ecosystem?

    <p>To regulate the populations of other consumers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the community of living organisms and their non-living environment in an ecosystem?

    <p>Ecosystem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of insectivores in an ecosystem?

    <p>To control the populations of insects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem?

    <p>A decrease in the energy available to consumers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of camouflage in animals?

    <p>To blend in with their surroundings and avoid predators (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a behavioral adaptation in plants?

    <p>Flower timing to attract pollinators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between camouflage and mimicry?

    <p>Camouflage helps animals blend in, while mimicry helps them resemble another species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adaptation that allows the baobab tree to survive in arid regions?

    <p>Water storage in its trunk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of human activities such as habitat destruction on the Riverine Rabbit?

    <p>It has severely impacted its survival (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a natural factor that can disrupt ecosystems?

    <p>Floods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adaptation that allows the umbrella thorn acacia to survive in the African savanna?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which animals enter a state of inactivity during winter to conserve energy?

    <p>Hibernation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between natural and human-induced changes to the environment?

    <p>Natural changes are temporary, while human-induced changes are permanent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adaptation that allows the baobab tree to attract pollinators?

    <p>Its flowers emit a rotting meat odor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the extinction of dinosaurs?

    <p>Climate change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of habitat destruction?

    <p>Disruption of ecosystem balance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main threat to the survival of the Riverine Rabbit?

    <p>Habitat destruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of establishing protected areas?

    <p>To conserve habitats and provide safe havens for endangered species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why biodiversity enhances the efficiency of energy flow in ecosystems?

    <p>It enables a diverse array of feeding relationships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an adaptation?

    <p>A change in an organism to survive in its environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process through which organisms change over time to better survive in their environment?

    <p>Adaptation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of removing a key species from a food web?

    <p>It can have cascading effects on the entire ecosystem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an energy pyramid, what is the characteristic of the available energy at each level?

    <p>The energy available decreases at each level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a structural adaptation?

    <p>Long legs and strong muscles in some animals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an adaptation that allows organisms to blend in with their surroundings?

    <p>Camouflage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the maximum capacity of resources in an ecosystem to support the organisms living there?

    <p>Limit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ecological monitoring?

    <p>To detect imbalances early and allow for timely interventions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a loss of primary producers in an ecosystem?

    <p>It disrupts the entire food chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a species that is at risk of extinction due to a significant decline in its population or habitat?

    <p>Endangered (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of conservation efforts?

    <p>To maintain ecosystem balance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of habitat destruction on ecosystems?

    <p>Reduced habitats for countless species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main threats to ecosystems posed by human activities?

    <p>Pollution and global warming (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects population growth in an ecosystem?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an ecosystem that is in balance?

    <p>It has a delicate balance between different trophic levels and resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of biodiversity in ecosystems?

    <p>It contributes to ecosystem stability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of environmental organizations in conservation efforts?

    <p>To advocate for environmental protection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of climate change on ecosystems?

    <p>It can lead to irreversible damage to ecosystems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment?

    <p>Ecology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of establishing protected areas?

    <p>To conserve habitats and species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of invasive alien species on ecosystems?

    <p>They outcompete native species for resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is sustainable development important for ecosystem conservation?

    <p>It ensures long-term availability of natural resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of community involvement in conservation efforts?

    <p>It plays a vital role in conservation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of hunting and poaching on ecosystems?

    <p>It leads to population declines and ecosystem disruption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of interconnectedness of ecosystems?

    <p>It leads to a ripple effect in ecosystems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of engaging communities in conservation efforts?

    <p>To enhance conservation outcomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main threat to rhinos in South Africa?

    <p>Poaching for their horns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition that impairs normal functioning and is often caused by microorganisms?

    <p>Disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the first microbiologist?

    <p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for single-celled microorganisms that belong to the kingdom Monera?

    <p>Bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for microorganisms that do not fit neatly into the other kingdoms of life?

    <p>Protists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a kingdom of organisms that include both microscopic and macroscopic members?

    <p>Fungi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms within a host organism?

    <p>Infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for microscopic infectious agents that can only replicate within the cells of a host organism?

    <p>Viruses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the management of invasive species like the water hyacinth?

    <p>Invasive species management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of beneficial fungi in ecosystems?

    <p>Decomposition and nutrient cycling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of protist is capable of performing photosynthesis?

    <p>Algae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a negative impact of microorganisms on the environment?

    <p>Spoilage of food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an industrial use of microorganisms?

    <p>Production of food and beverages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protist is known to cause malaria?

    <p>Plasmodium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a biotechnological application of microorganisms?

    <p>Genetic engineering (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of predators in an ecosystem?

    <p>To control the population size of their prey (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that primarily eats insects?

    <p>Insectivore (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of photosynthesis that is released into the atmosphere?

    <p>Oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of breaking down dead or decaying organisms to recycle nutrients?

    <p>Decomposition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that eats both plants and animals?

    <p>Omnivore (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the foundation of any ecosystem?

    <p>Producers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that cannot produce its own food and must eat other organisms for energy?

    <p>Consumer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that primarily eats plants?

    <p>Herbivore (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general equation for photosynthesis?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the pathways through which energy and nutrients flow within an ecosystem?

    <p>Feeding relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of decomposers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the water and soil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of human activities such as overfishing, deforestation, and pollution on ecosystems?

    <p>Disruption of food chains and food webs, leading to declines in biodiversity and ecosystem health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for food webs?

    <p>The Sun (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a graphical representation of the energy available at each trophic level in an ecosystem?

    <p>Energy Pyramid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of energy is converted into biomass and is available to the next trophic level?

    <p>10% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that eats primary consumers?

    <p>Secondary Consumer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?

    <p>A food chain is linear, while a food web is complex and interconnected (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the flow of energy from one organism to another in an ecosystem?

    <p>Energy Flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of oxygen in the ecosystem?

    <p>To support the process of respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

    <p>Bees pollinating flowers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of food webs in ecosystems?

    <p>They contribute to the stability and resilience of ecosystems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of abiotic components in an ecosystem?

    <p>To facilitate the interaction between biotic and abiotic components (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that eats producers?

    <p>Primary Consumer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the natural environment where an organism resides?

    <p>Habitat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of competition?

    <p>Hyenas and vultures competing for food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis?

    <p>To absorb light energy from the Sun (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of photosynthesis that is essential for the respiration of most living organisms?

    <p>Oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of testing for starch in plant tissues?

    <p>To confirm the occurrence of photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which organisms break down glucose molecules to release energy for cellular processes?

    <p>Respiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of respiration in organisms?

    <p>To release energy from food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the interaction between biotic and abiotic components in an ecosystem?

    <p>The ecosystem is maintained in a state of homeostasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of parasitism?

    <p>Ticks feeding on the blood of animals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the scientific study of how living organisms interact with each other and their environment?

    <p>Ecology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the seasonal movement of organisms from one habitat to another?

    <p>Migrate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of starch that makes it ideal for long-term storage in plants?

    <p>It is insoluble in water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of respiration that is exhaled by humans?

    <p>Carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using limewater to test for carbon dioxide?

    <p>To detect the presence of carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glucose in photosynthesis?

    <p>To be produced and stored by the plant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for photosynthesis?

    <p>Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of respiration in releasing energy from food?

    <p>To break down glucose into carbon dioxide and water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a community and an ecosystem?

    <p>The presence of abiotic factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>To absorb light energy for photosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment?

    <p>Ecology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area at a specific time?

    <p>Population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of producers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To provide energy to all other organisms in the ecosystem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

    <p>To carry out photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the global ecological system that integrates all living beings and their relationships?

    <p>Biosphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organism eats plants and is vital in transferring energy to higher trophic levels?

    <p>Herbivore (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy transformation that occurs during photosynthesis?

    <p>Radiant energy to chemical potential energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of glucose produced during photosynthesis?

    <p>It is a primary energy source for living organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a scientist who studies the relationships between organisms and their environment?

    <p>Ecologist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of photosynthesis that is released into the atmosphere?

    <p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of ecological organization that includes a community of living organisms and their non-living environment?

    <p>Ecosystem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of heat energy from the sun on plant growth?

    <p>It affects the overall environment in which plants grow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components of an ecosystem interact with each other to sustain life?

    <p>Biotic and abiotic components (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between starch and glucose?

    <p>Starch is insoluble in water, while glucose is soluble (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the energy flow within an ecosystem that illustrates how organisms obtain energy and nutrients?

    <p>Feeding relationship (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for all the populations of different species that live and interact in a particular area?

    <p>Community (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chlorophyll in absorbing light energy?

    <p>It absorbs light energy for photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem?

    <p>Decomposers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of populations in relation to their environment?

    <p>Population Ecology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding?

    <p>Species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of radiant energy from the sun?

    <p>It is necessary for photosynthesis to occur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of ecosystems, focusing on the interactions between biotic and abiotic components and the flow of energy and nutrients?

    <p>Ecology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organism eats both plants and animals?

    <p>Omnivore (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of ecological organization that includes a population of organisms of the same species that live in the same area at the same time?

    <p>Population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the pathways through which energy and nutrients flow within an ecosystem?

    <p>Feeding relationship (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of producers in the ecosystem, in terms of energy flow?

    <p>To produce energy from inorganic substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major cause of population decline in species?

    <p>Habitat destruction and fragmentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of conservation efforts?

    <p>To maintain ecosystem balance and preserve biodiversity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a functional adaptation?

    <p>Hibernation in bears (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of human activities such as overfishing, deforestation, and pollution on ecosystems?

    <p>Imbalance in ecosystem and potential extinction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process through which organisms change over time to better survive in their environment?

    <p>Adaptation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ecological monitoring?

    <p>To detect imbalances in ecosystems early and allow for timely interventions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an invasive species?

    <p>A non-native species introduced to a new ecosystem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the introduction of non-native species to an ecosystem?

    <p>Invasive species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of establishing protected areas?

    <p>To conserve habitats and provide safe havens for endangered species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of organisms changing their environment to better suit their needs?

    <p>Not applicable, as organisms cannot change their environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of biodiversity in ecosystems?

    <p>It enhances the efficiency of energy flow and reduces the impact of population fluctuations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a key species is removed from a food web?

    <p>It has cascading effects on the entire ecosystem. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main significance of the energy pyramid in an ecosystem?

    <p>It represents the distribution of energy among different trophic levels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the maximum capacity of resources in an ecosystem to support the organisms living there?

    <p>Limit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the loss of primary producers on the ecosystem?

    <p>It has cascading effects on the entire food chain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of natural disasters like floods, hurricanes, and droughts on ecosystems?

    <p>They can cause sudden and severe disruptions to ecosystems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of climate change on ecosystems?

    <p>It can alter habitats, making them unsuitable for certain species and leading to shifts in population dynamics or even extinctions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the balance within an ecosystem, referring to the equilibrium between different trophic levels and the resources available?

    <p>Ecosystem Balance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the removal of phytoplankton from a marine ecosystem?

    <p>It leads to a decline in the population of primary consumers, affecting secondary and tertiary consumers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a species at risk of extinction due to a significant decline in its population or habitat?

    <p>Endangered (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of omnivores in food webs?

    <p>To occupy multiple trophic levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of decomposers in ecosystems?

    <p>To break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a food web that distinguishes it from a food chain?

    <p>It shows the interconnectedness of various food chains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of energy transfer from one trophic level to the next?

    <p>Energy decreases at each trophic level due to heat loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of insectivores in ecosystems?

    <p>To primarily feed on insects and help control insect populations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the feeding relationships between organisms within an ecosystem?

    <p>Food webs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of beneficial fungi in ecosystems?

    <p>Decomposition and nutrient cycling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of predator-prey relationships in ecosystems?

    <p>To regulate population sizes and maintain balance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of protists?

    <p>They are diverse and can be plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a carnivore?

    <p>It feeds on other animals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of nutrient cycling in ecosystems?

    <p>Nutrients are made available to producers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an industrial use of microorganisms?

    <p>Production of food and beverages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of feeding relationships in ecosystems?

    <p>To support the nutrient cycle and maintain ecosystem health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a negative impact of microorganisms?

    <p>Causing diseases in humans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a plant-like protist?

    <p>Algae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a biotechnological application of microorganisms?

    <p>Genetic engineering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of conservation efforts?

    <p>To protect and preserve natural habitats and ecosystems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main threat to rhinos in South Africa?

    <p>Poaching for their horns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of microorganisms like bacteria and fungi?

    <p>To play a crucial role in ecosystem processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the first microbiologist?

    <p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which microorganisms cause disease in a host organism?

    <p>Infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of viruses?

    <p>They cannot replicate on their own and must infect a host cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the group of microorganisms that do not fit neatly into the other kingdoms of life?

    <p>Protist (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of fungi in the ecosystem?

    <p>To decompose organic matter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the microorganisms that are essential for processes such as digestion and nitrogen fixation in plants?

    <p>Beneficial bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the invasive species that can clog waterways, outcompete native plants, and alter aquatic ecosystems?

    <p>Water hyacinth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of camouflage in animals?

    <p>To blend in with their surroundings and avoid predators (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adaptation of the baobab tree that helps it survive in arid regions?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which plants produce food?

    <p>Photosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of human activities such as habitat destruction, pollution, and overexploitation on ecosystems?

    <p>A decrease in population sizes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of migration in animals?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adaptation of the umbrella thorn acacia tree that helps it survive in the African savanna?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings?

    <p>Ecology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of natural disasters such as floods and droughts on ecosystems?

    <p>Temporary disruptions in ecosystems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adaptation of the Riverine Rabbit that helps it survive in the Karoo?

    <p>Eating certain plant types (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of one species to resemble another, providing protection or other advantages?

    <p>Mimicry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of habitat destruction on ecosystems?

    <p>Disrupted ecosystem services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key threat to ecosystems due to human activities?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystem stability?

    <p>It enhances the resilience of ecosystems to environmental changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of conservation efforts?

    <p>To preserve the natural environment for future generations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of alien invasive species on native ecosystems?

    <p>They outcompete native species for resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of environmental organizations in conservation efforts?

    <p>To advocate for environmental protection and implement conservation projects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of protected areas in conservation efforts?

    <p>They provide safe havens for wildlife and preserve critical ecosystems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of community involvement in conservation efforts?

    <p>It is vital for the success of conservation efforts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of pollution on ecosystems?

    <p>It contaminates air, water, and soil, harming wildlife and disrupting ecosystems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of sustainable development in conservation efforts?

    <p>It ensures that natural resources are available for future generations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

    <p>To convert light energy into chemical energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is radiant energy from the Sun essential for life on Earth?

    <p>Because it drives the process of photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between glucose and starch?

    <p>Glucose is soluble, while starch is insoluble (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between light energy and chemical potential energy?

    <p>Light energy is converted into chemical potential energy through photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do plants need chlorophyll?

    <p>To absorb light energy for photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for plants?

    <p>Light energy from the Sun (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of photosynthesis that is used by plants and animals?

    <p>Glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of photosynthesis in the ecosystem?

    <p>It converts light energy into chemical energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process where plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen?

    <p>Photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of testing for starch in plants during photosynthesis experiments?

    <p>To validate the occurrence of photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

    <p>A bee collecting nectar from a flower (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the non-living physical and chemical elements of an ecosystem?

    <p>Abiotic factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oxygen in respiration?

    <p>It is the reactant that enables energy release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the respiration cycle in living organisms?

    <p>To produce energy for cellular processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy source that initiates photosynthesis?

    <p>Light energy from the Sun (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interaction occurs when species compete for the same limited resource?

    <p>Competition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for respiration?

    <p>Glucose + Oxygen -&gt; Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the seasonal movement of organisms from one habitat to another?

    <p>Migration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the scientific study of how living organisms interact with each other and their environment?

    <p>Ecology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reactant for respiration?

    <p>Glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of an ecosystem includes living organisms such as plants, animals, and microorganisms?

    <p>Biotic factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of respiration that is exhaled by humans?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the interaction where one organism benefits and the other is harmed?

    <p>Parasitism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the complex network of interactions between biotic and abiotic components in a specific physical space?

    <p>Ecosystem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of limewater in respiration experiments?

    <p>To test for the presence of carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that hunts and feeds on other organisms?

    <p>Predator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glucose in photosynthesis?

    <p>It is the by-product of photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of starch that makes it ideal for long-term storage?

    <p>It is insoluble in water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of decomposers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To break down dead or decaying matter, returning vital nutrients to the soil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a carnivore and an omnivore?

    <p>Omnivores can occupy multiple trophic levels, while carnivores are limited to one (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of predators in regulating population sizes?

    <p>To prevent overgrazing and maintain the sustainability of plant populations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of organisms that occupy the same position in a food chain?

    <p>Trophic level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the pyramidal energy structure in ecosystems?

    <p>Energy is lost as heat at each trophic level due to the second law of thermodynamics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of energy transfer from one organism to another through consumption?

    <p>Energy flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of insectivores in ecosystems?

    <p>To help control insect populations and serve as prey for higher-level carnivores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a graphical representation of the energy available at each trophic level in an ecosystem?

    <p>Energy pyramid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary importance of food webs in ecosystems?

    <p>To illustrate the interconnectedness of various food chains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the level of organization that includes a community of living organisms and their non-living environment?

    <p>Ecosystem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of producers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To synthesize their own food from inorganic substances using light or chemical energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the relationships between organisms and their physical surroundings?

    <p>Ecology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem?

    <p>A small pond or a riverbank (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of ecological organization that includes a community of living organisms and their non-living environment?

    <p>Ecosystems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of removing a key species from a food web?

    <p>A significant decline in the population of other species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that eats both plants and animals?

    <p>Omnivore (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area at a specific time?

    <p>Population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of biodiversity in ecosystems?

    <p>To distribute energy more evenly among trophic levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the global sum of all ecosystems?

    <p>Biosphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the interaction between biotic and abiotic components in an ecosystem?

    <p>Ecological interaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to energy as it flows from one trophic level to the next in an energy pyramid?

    <p>It decreases significantly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for producers in an ecosystem?

    <p>Inorganic substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a scientist who studies the relationships between organisms and their environment?

    <p>Ecologist (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the maximum capacity of resources in an ecosystem to support the organisms living there?

    <p>Limit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of ecological organization that includes different populations of organisms that interact in a certain area?

    <p>Communities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that primarily eats insects?

    <p>Insectivore (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the loss of primary producers in an ecosystem?

    <p>A decrease in population size of primary consumers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the flow of energy and nutrients within an ecosystem?

    <p>Energy flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the branch of biology that deals with the relations of populations in relation to their environment?

    <p>Population Ecology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the interactions between organisms of different species within a community?

    <p>Interspecific interaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the equilibrium between different trophic levels and the resources available in an ecosystem?

    <p>Balance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of interaction between organisms and their environment?

    <p>Interact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for all the populations of different species that live and interact in a particular area?

    <p>Community (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of climate change on ecosystems?

    <p>It leads to irreversible damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which organisms obtain energy and nutrients from other organisms?

    <p>Feeding relationship (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of ecological organization that includes a group of organisms of the same species living in a specific area at a specific time?

    <p>Populations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of natural disasters such as floods and hurricanes on ecosystems?

    <p>Sudden and severe disruptions to ecosystems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a species at risk of extinction due to a significant decline in its population or habitat?

    <p>Endangered (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between organisms and their resources in an ecosystem?

    <p>Organisms rely on specific resources for survival (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of decomposers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of human activities such as overfishing, deforestation, and pollution on ecosystems?

    <p>A disruption to food chains and food webs, leading to declines in biodiversity and ecosystem health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a linear sequence of organisms where each is eaten by the next member in the chain?

    <p>Food chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of energy consumed at each trophic level that is converted into biomass and is available to the next trophic level?

    <p>10% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that eats primary consumers?

    <p>Secondary consumer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of food webs in ecosystems?

    <p>They contribute to the stability and resilience of ecosystems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a graphical representation of the energy available at each trophic level in an ecosystem?

    <p>Energy pyramid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sun in energy flow in ecosystems?

    <p>To provide energy to producers through photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to energy as it flows from one trophic level to the next?

    <p>It decreases significantly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a food chain and a food web?

    <p>A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms, while a food web is a complex network of interconnected food chains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the decline of the Riverine Rabbit population?

    <p>Habitat destruction and agricultural expansion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ecological monitoring?

    <p>To detect population declines early (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of organisms changing over time to better survive in their environment?

    <p>Adaptation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and agriculture on ecosystems?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a species that is introduced to a new ecosystem and outcompetes native species for resources?

    <p>Invasive species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of establishing protected areas?

    <p>To conserve habitats and provide safe havens for endangered species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of how organisms adapt to their environment?

    <p>Adaptation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of over-harvesting resources such as fishing, hunting, and logging?

    <p>Population declines and imbalances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the introduction of pollutants into the environment?

    <p>Pollution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of implementing sustainable practices?

    <p>To reduce the impact of human activities on ecosystems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an ecological role of microorganisms?

    <p>Decomposition and nutrient cycling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind the decline of native biodiversity due to alien invasive species?

    <p>Both A and B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of protists?

    <p>They are a diverse group of microorganisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a threat to ecosystems?

    <p>Conservation Efforts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an industrial use of microorganisms?

    <p>Production of food and beverages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of biodiversity?

    <p>Both A and B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a negative impact of microorganisms?

    <p>Causing diseases in humans, animals, and plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a beneficial fungus?

    <p>Yeast (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind the importance of conservation?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of protist that performs photosynthesis?

    <p>Algae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of conservation efforts?

    <p>To provide education and promote sustainable livelihoods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization plays a critical role in advocating for environmental protection?

    <p>Both A and B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major threat to rhinos in South Africa?

    <p>Poaching for their horns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of establishing protected areas?

    <p>To conserve habitats and species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the global ecological system that integrates all living beings and their relationships?

    <p>Biosphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of microorganisms in ecosystems?

    <p>To participate in decomposition and nutrient cycling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments?

    <p>Bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of habitat destruction?

    <p>Both A and B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of local communities in conservation?

    <p>To play a vital role in conservation efforts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for microscopic infectious agents that can only replicate within the cells of a host organism?

    <p>Viruses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the first microbiologist?

    <p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the long-term interaction between individuals of different species within a community?

    <p>Symbiosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way to manage invasive species?

    <p>Mechanical removal and biological control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of anti-poaching patrols in rhino conservation?

    <p>Protecting rhinos from poachers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition that impairs normal functioning and is often caused by microorganisms?

    <p>Disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the diverse group of microorganisms that do not fit neatly into the other kingdoms of life?

    <p>Protists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of camouflage in animals?

    <p>To blend in with their surroundings and avoid predators (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the adaptation that allows one species to resemble another, providing protection or other advantages?

    <p>Mimicry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following plants has adapted to store water in its thick trunk and spongy wood, allowing it to survive in arid regions?

    <p>Baobab Tree (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which plants produce food?

    <p>Photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the decline of the Riverine Rabbit population?

    <p>Habitat destruction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the adaptations that allow plants to survive in different environments?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a human-induced change to the environment?

    <p>Habitat destruction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of plants to store water in their trunks, allowing them to survive during droughts?

    <p>Water Storage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of flower timing in plants?

    <p>To attract pollinators (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the adaptations that allow animals to survive in their specific environments?

    <p>Adaptations in Animals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

    <p>To convert light energy into chemical energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>To absorb light energy for photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of photosynthesis that serves as a primary energy source for living organisms?

    <p>Glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the energy stored within chemical bonds, available for release in chemical reactions?

    <p>Chemical Potential Energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose?

    <p>Photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of starch that makes it ideal for long-term storage?

    <p>Insoluble in water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sunlight on plant growth, aside from providing energy for photosynthesis?

    <p>It affects the overall environment in which plants grow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis?

    <p>Chlorophyll (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment?

    <p>Ecology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of ecological organization includes a community of living organisms and their non-living environment?

    <p>Ecosystem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area at a specific time?

    <p>Population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the global ecological system that integrates all living beings and their relationships?

    <p>Biosphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of ecological organization is the most inclusive, encompassing all living beings and their interactions?

    <p>Biosphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a scientist who studies the relationships between organisms and their environment?

    <p>Ecologist (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for all the populations of different species that live and interact in a particular area?

    <p>Community (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of populations in relation to their environment?

    <p>Population Ecology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings?

    <p>Ecology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding?

    <p>Species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis?

    <p>To absorb light energy from the Sun (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of starch in plants?

    <p>To store energy for growth and maintenance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of respiration that is exhaled by humans?

    <p>Carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of testing for starch in plants?

    <p>To validate the occurrence of photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oxygen in the process of respiration?

    <p>To facilitate the breakdown of glucose to release energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment?

    <p>Ecology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for plants and animals?

    <p>Light energy from the Sun (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using limewater to test for carbon dioxide?

    <p>To detect the presence of carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for respiration?

    <p>Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glucose in the process of respiration?

    <p>To release energy from the breakdown of glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of the interaction between biotic and abiotic components in an ecosystem?

    <p>To maintain a balance of energy and nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of oxygen produced during photosynthesis?

    <p>To support the respiration of most living organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of interaction where one organism benefits at the expense of the other, which is harmed?

    <p>Parasitism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of plants in the ecosystem, according to the photosynthesis and respiration cycle?

    <p>To absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of organisms from one habitat to another?

    <p>Migration (B), Migration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a community of living organisms and their non-living environment?

    <p>Ecosystem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the living components of an ecosystem?

    <p>Biotic factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of producers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To provide energy to all other organisms in the ecosystem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that eats both plants and animals?

    <p>Omnivore (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the non-living physical and chemical elements of an ecosystem?

    <p>Abiotic factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which organisms break down glucose molecules to release energy for cellular processes?

    <p>Respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the interactions between biotic and abiotic components in an ecosystem?

    <p>Ecological dynamics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To break down dead or decaying organisms, recycling nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of interaction where two or more species compete for the same limited resource?

    <p>Competition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that eats plants?

    <p>Herbivore (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of ecosystems?

    <p>Ecology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of predators in an ecosystem?

    <p>To hunt and feed on other organisms, helping to control population sizes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a small unit of energy stored in chemical bonds?

    <p>ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general equation for photosynthesis?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that cannot produce its own food?

    <p>Consumer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of consumer is a lion in a food chain?

    <p>Carnivore (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of decomposers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To break down dead or decaying matter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of relationship exists between a hawk and a snake in a food chain?

    <p>Predator-prey (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the linear sequence of energy flow from one organism to another in an ecosystem?

    <p>Food chain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to energy as it flows from one trophic level to the next?

    <p>It decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of consumer is a human in a food chain?

    <p>Omnivore (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of food webs in ecosystems?

    <p>They illustrate the interconnectedness of various food chains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which nutrients are returned to the soil?

    <p>Nutrient cycling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of predators in a food chain?

    <p>To regulate population sizes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of representation is used to show the energy available at each trophic level in an ecosystem?

    <p>Energy pyramid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of biodiversity in ecosystems?

    <p>It reduces the impact of fluctuations in the population of any one species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a key species is removed from a food web?

    <p>It has a cascading effect on the entire ecosystem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the maximum capacity of resources in an ecosystem to support the organisms living there?

    <p>Limit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of climate change on ecosystems?

    <p>It alters habitats, making them unsuitable for certain species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of producers in an energy pyramid?

    <p>They capture solar energy and produce chemical energy through photosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when primary producers are removed from a food web?

    <p>Primary consumers lose their food source and their population declines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a species at risk of extinction due to a significant decline in its population or habitat?

    <p>Endangered (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the equilibrium between different trophic levels and the resources available in an ecosystem?

    <p>Balance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of population growth dynamics in an ecosystem?

    <p>A fluctuating population size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the extinction of the dinosaurs?

    <p>Climate change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of populations in relation to their environment?

    <p>Ecology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of habitat destruction on species?

    <p>Disrupts ecosystem balance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of decomposers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of conservation efforts in maintaining ecosystem balance?

    <p>To reduce human impact on ecosystems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to energy as it flows from one trophic level to the next in a food chain?

    <p>It is lost, with approximately 10% transferred to the next level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a complex network of interconnected food chains within an ecosystem?

    <p>Food web (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the seasonal movement of animals from one region to another?

    <p>Migration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of human activities such as overfishing, deforestation, and pollution on ecosystems?

    <p>Disruption of food chains and webs, leading to declines in biodiversity and ecosystem health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of adaptations in ecosystems?

    <p>To aid survival and reproduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that eats primary consumers?

    <p>Secondary consumer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which organisms change over time to better survive in their environment?

    <p>Adaptation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are energy pyramids pyramid-shaped?

    <p>Because energy is lost at each trophic level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of pollution on ecosystems?

    <p>Disrupts ecosystem balance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the introduction of non-native species into an ecosystem?

    <p>Invasive species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sun in energy flow in ecosystems?

    <p>To provide energy through photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of ecological monitoring in maintaining ecosystem balance?

    <p>To detect imbalances early (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of food webs in ecosystems?

    <p>They contribute to the stability and resilience of ecosystems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of population dynamics, resource availability, and environmental changes in ecosystems?

    <p>Ecological monitoring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a graphical representation of the energy available at each trophic level in an ecosystem?

    <p>Energy pyramid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a food chain and a food web?

    <p>A food chain is a linear sequence, while a food web is a complex network (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fungi in ecosystems?

    <p>To decompose organic matter and cycle nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of protist is responsible for causing malaria?

    <p>Plasmodium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of microorganisms in industrial applications?

    <p>To produce food and beverages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the negative impact of some microorganisms on food?

    <p>They can spoil food, making it unsafe for consumption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ecological role of microorganisms in ecosystems?

    <p>To decompose organic matter and cycle nutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of plant-like protists in ecosystems?

    <p>To perform photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of conservation efforts in protecting rhino populations in South Africa?

    <p>To prevent poaching and protect habitats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of beneficial bacteria in the ecosystem?

    <p>To fix nitrogen in plants and produce certain foods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from bacteria?

    <p>They require a host cell to replicate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of microorganisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye?

    <p>Microbiology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fungi in the ecosystem?

    <p>To break down organic matter and recycle nutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of removing invasive species from an ecosystem?

    <p>Mechanical removal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of protists that distinguishes them from other kingdoms of life?

    <p>They are a group of organisms that do not fit neatly into other kingdoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Tuberculosis (TB) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in the history of microbiology?

    <p>He was the first person to see and describe microorganisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of raising awareness about the importance of rhino conservation?

    <p>Public education (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of habitat destruction on ecosystems?

    <p>Disruption of ecosystem services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of alien invasive species on native ecosystems?

    <p>Decline in native biodiversity and alteration of ecosystem functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of environmental organizations in conservation efforts?

    <p>Conducting research and advocacy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of biodiversity for ecosystems?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of pollution on ecosystems?

    <p>Disruption of ecosystem services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary importance of conservation efforts?

    <p>Preservation of natural resources for future generations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of protected areas in conservation efforts?

    <p>Providing safe havens for wildlife and preserving critical ecosystems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of hunting and poaching on ecosystems?

    <p>Population decline and ecological imbalance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary importance of community involvement in conservation efforts?

    <p>Playing a vital role in conservation efforts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of global warming on ecosystems?

    <p>Change in weather patterns, sea levels, and temperatures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of camouflage in animals?

    <p>To blend in with their surroundings to avoid predators (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the umbrella-shaped canopy of the Umbrella Thorn Acacia tree?

    <p>To maximize light exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind the Riverine Rabbit's critically endangered status?

    <p>Habitat destruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the baobab tree's ability to store water in its trunk?

    <p>To endure long dry periods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the behavior of plants that bloom at specific times to attract pollinators?

    <p>Flower timing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of human activities such as habitat destruction and pollution on ecosystems?

    <p>Population declines and extinctions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the baobab tree's smooth, reflective bark?

    <p>To reduce heat absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the adaptation of some animals to enter a state of inactivity during winter to conserve energy?

    <p>Hibernation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of the king snake's mimicry of the coral snake?

    <p>To avoid predators (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why many plants have evolved to bloom at specific times?

    <p>To attract pollinators (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why ice floats on water?

    <p>Water particles arrange themselves in a crystalline structure that takes up more space when they freeze. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the 'heaviness' of different materials of the same size?

    <p>Density (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of matter that has particles that are much farther apart, resulting in lower density?

    <p>Gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why oil floats on water?

    <p>Oil is less dense than water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the density of a gas when it expands to fill a larger container?

    <p>It decreases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a group of particles or atoms that are close together?

    <p>Cluster (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an oil spill spreading over large areas?

    <p>It poisons marine life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the activity 'Comparing Densities'?

    <p>To compare the densities of different states of matter. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of particles in a solid that leads to a high density?

    <p>Crystalline structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the effect or influence of one thing on another?

    <p>Impact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the density of a material?

    <p>The arrangement of particles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles of a material when it is heated?

    <p>They move further apart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon of materials changing in size when they are heated or cooled?

    <p>Expansion and Contraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do engineers leave expansion joints in concrete roads?

    <p>To prevent cracking due to thermal expansion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of populations in relation to their environment?

    <p>Ecology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles of a material when it is cooled?

    <p>They move closer together (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of thermometers?

    <p>To measure temperature changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of materials returning to their original shape after heating or cooling?

    <p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do bridges have expansion joints?

    <p>To accommodate the contraction and expansion of materials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the increase in size of a material when it is heated?

    <p>Expansion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why understanding expansion and contraction of materials is important?

    <p>To prevent structural failures and prolong the lifespan of buildings and other structures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the length of a metal rod when it is heated?

    <p>It increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that gas particles exert when they collide with the walls of their container?

    <p>Pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure inside a container when the volume is decreased?

    <p>It increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a pressure gauge?

    <p>To measure the pressure of a gas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles of a gas when it is heated?

    <p>They speed up (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cooling a gas on its pressure?

    <p>It decreases the pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure inside a container when more gas particles are added?

    <p>It increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the activity 'Measuring Gas Pressure'?

    <p>To measure the pressure inside a balloon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the device used to control the release or admission of air into a container?

    <p>Air valve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for mass that is equal to 1000 grams?

    <p>Kilogram (kg) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the calculation for volume?

    <p>Length x Width x Height (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of density?

    <p>The measure of how much mass of a material fits into a given volume (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for volume that is equal to 1000 milliliters?

    <p>Liter (L) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a property of a material or system that can be measured?

    <p>Physical Quantity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for mass that is equal to 0.001 grams?

    <p>Milligram (mg) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between mass and the amount of matter in an object?

    <p>The greater the mass, the more matter it contains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of space an object occupies?

    <p>Volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the density of an object?

    <p>D = m / V (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the density of a substance when it changes from a solid to a liquid?

    <p>The density decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials would have the highest density?

    <p>A metal cube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of mass in an object?

    <p>Mass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of particles in a solid?

    <p>Closely packed in a regular, fixed arrangement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the density of a gas compared to a solid?

    <p>Lower (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the density of a substance when it changes from a liquid to a gas?

    <p>The density decreases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does a dense material feel heavy for its size?

    <p>Because it has a high mass in a given volume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of comparing the densities of different materials?

    <p>To understand how density affects the 'heaviness' of objects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ratio of mass to volume?

    <p>Density (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the combustion of ammonium dichromate in oxygen?

    <p>It produces nitrogen gas, water, and dark green chromium oxide. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common area of application for chemists?

    <p>Many fields, including medicine, environmental science, forensic science, and materials science. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is a renowned chemist and physicist known for her research on radioactivity?

    <p>Marie Curie. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for ammonium dichromate?

    <p>(NH_4)_2Cr_2O_7. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application of chemistry in careers?

    <p>Discovering new compounds, developing new materials, and finding ways to improve existing products. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure of a gas when it is moved from a smaller container to a larger one?

    <p>It decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a chemical reaction?

    <p>A process in which substances are transformed into new substances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of a chemical reaction?

    <p>A change in the colour of the solution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using our senses to identify chemical reactions?

    <p>To determine if a chemical reaction has taken place. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the eggshell when an egg is placed in vinegar?

    <p>It dissolves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between vinegar and the eggshell?

    <p>The formation of a gas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the pressure of a gas decrease when its volume increases?

    <p>Because the particles have more space to move and collide less frequently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the density of a gas when it is moved from a smaller container to a larger one?

    <p>It decreases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the reaction flask or reaction vessel?

    <p>To carry out a chemical reaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of a chemical reaction in addition to colour change?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a reactant in a chemical reaction?

    <p>A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a chemical reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of coefficients in a chemical equation?

    <p>To indicate the number of units of each substance involved in the reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles of the reactants during a chemical reaction?

    <p>They break their bonds and form new bonds to create the products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rearrangement of atoms to form new compounds?

    <p>Chemical reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a product in a chemical reaction?

    <p>A substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates through the action of enzymes?

    <p>Fermentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen?

    <p>Water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction?

    <p>Chemical equation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a chemical reaction that involves the formation of new bonds between atoms?

    <p>Formation of new bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of detecting chemical reactions?

    <p>Observation of changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate density?

    <p>D = m ÷ V (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a dense material?

    <p>It has a high mass in a given volume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of particles in a solid?

    <p>Particles are closely packed in a regular, fixed arrangement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the density of a substance when it changes from a solid to a liquid?

    <p>It decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of matter with the highest density?

    <p>Solid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of matter in an object?

    <p>Mass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the density of a substance when it changes from a liquid to a gas?

    <p>It decreases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the activity 'Comparing Densities'?

    <p>To understand how density affects the 'heaviness' of objects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume?

    <p>Density (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a less dense material?

    <p>It has a low mass in a given volume. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for mass that is equal to 1000 grams?

    <p>Kilogram (kg) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical quantity that is measured by the amount of space an object occupies?

    <p>Volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of mass to volume of a material?

    <p>Density (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for volume that is equal to 1000 milliliters?

    <p>Liter (L) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of matter in an object?

    <p>Mass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for mass that is equal to 0.001 grams?

    <p>Milligram (mg) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical quantity that is measured by the amount of matter in an object?

    <p>Mass (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that describes the amount of space an object occupies?

    <p>Volume (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a chemical reaction?

    <p>The reactants break their bonds and form new bonds to create the products. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a product in a chemical reaction?

    <p>A substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during fermentation?

    <p>The conversion of sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reactant in a chemical reaction?

    <p>A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a chemical reaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction?

    <p>A chemical equation where the reactants and products are expressed using their chemical formulae. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compound?

    <p>A substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a coefficient in a chemical equation?

    <p>To indicate the number of units of each substance involved in the reaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a chemical reaction?

    <p>The reactants break their bonds and form new bonds to create the products. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a combustion reaction?

    <p>The reaction between carbon and oxygen to form carbon dioxide. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a way to detect a chemical reaction?

    <p>By noticing the formation of gas, a change in color, or the production of heat or light. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why ice floats on water?

    <p>Its particles arrange themselves in a crystalline structure that takes up more space. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of comparing the densities of different states of matter?

    <p>To understand the arrangement of particles in each state. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of particles or atoms that are close together?

    <p>Cluster (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does oil float on water?

    <p>Oil is less dense than water. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when gas from a smaller container is transferred to a larger container?

    <p>It expands to fill the space. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume?

    <p>Density (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the density of sand high?

    <p>Its particles are closely packed together. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when oil is spilled on water?

    <p>It forms clusters and floats on the surface. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the effect or influence of one thing on another?

    <p>Impact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do we observe the differences in densities of liquids by layering them in a container?

    <p>To understand the differences in particle arrangement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of understanding the expansion and contraction of different materials?

    <p>To prevent structural failures and prolong the lifespan of buildings and other structures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the length of a metal rod when it is heated?

    <p>It increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that gas particles exert when they collide with the walls of their container?

    <p>Gas pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the number of gas particles in a container?

    <p>The pressure increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of heating a gas on its pressure?

    <p>The pressure increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a pressure gauge?

    <p>To measure the pressure of a gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of decreasing the volume of a gas on its pressure?

    <p>The pressure increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure of a gas when it is cooled?

    <p>The pressure decreases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of using a pressure gauge to measure the pressure inside a balloon?

    <p>The pressure inside the balloon is found to increase as more air is added (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the number of collisions and the pressure of a gas?

    <p>The number of collisions increases as the pressure increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the formation of distinct layers when different liquids are poured into a transparent container?

    <p>The liquids have different densities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles of a material when it is heated?

    <p>They speed up and move further apart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of expansion joints in concrete roads?

    <p>To allow for expansion upon heating (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction that occurs when ammonium dichromate burns in oxygen?

    <p>Combustion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What field of science does Marie Curie's research on radioactivity belong to?

    <p>Chemistry (A), Physics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the decrease in size of a material when it is cooled?

    <p>Contraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the design of bridges with expansion joints?

    <p>To allow for thermal expansion and contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chemists in various fields?

    <p>To develop new materials and improve existing products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind the functioning of thermometers?

    <p>The expansion and contraction of materials with temperature changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product formed when ammonium dichromate burns in oxygen?

    <p>Cr2O3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the application of chemistry in various fields, such as medicine, environmental science, and materials science?

    <p>Careers in Chemistry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of particles in a solid material?

    <p>Tightly packed in a regular pattern (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the density of a material when it is heated?

    <p>It decreases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the increase in size of a material when it is heated?

    <p>Expansion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the creaking noises heard in tin-roofed houses on hot days?

    <p>The metal panels expand and scrape against each other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure of a gas when it is moved from a smaller container to a larger one?

    <p>It decreases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of a chemical reaction?

    <p>A change in colour (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a gas is formed in a chemical reaction?

    <p>The presence of bubbles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a process in which substances are transformed into new substances with different chemical properties?

    <p>Chemical reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between calcium carbonate in the eggshell and acetic acid in vinegar?

    <p>The production of carbon dioxide gas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can we use our senses to identify in a chemical reaction?

    <p>Heat, smell, and sound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a container used to carry out a chemical reaction?

    <p>Reaction flask (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles of a gas when its volume is increased?

    <p>They have more space to move (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of decreasing the volume of a gas?

    <p>Increased pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a solid material that appears in the reaction flask during a chemical reaction?

    <p>Precipitate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for mass?

    <p>Kilogram (kg) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of volume?

    <p>The amount of space an object occupies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of mass to volume?

    <p>Density (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a unit of measurement for volume?

    <p>Milliliter (mL) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the mass of an object depend on?

    <p>The amount of matter in the object (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between milliliters and liters?

    <p>1 L = 1000 mL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of density?

    <p>The measure of how much mass of a material fits into a given volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for density?

    <p>Kilogram per liter (kg/L) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the density of a material?

    <p>The arrangement and behavior of its particles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles of a material when it is heated?

    <p>They speed up and move further apart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of expansion joints in concrete roads?

    <p>To allow for contraction and expansion due to temperature changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a material when it is cooled?

    <p>It contracts and its particles move closer together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why ice floats on water?

    <p>Because the crystalline structure of ice takes up more space than the liquid state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the change in size of a material due to temperature changes?

    <p>Thermal expansion and contraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the density of a material?

    <p>The arrangement of its particles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do engineers need to consider the expansion and contraction of materials in their designs?

    <p>To ensure the structure can withstand temperature changes without damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a thermometer?

    <p>To measure the temperature of a substance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of particles or atoms that are close together?

    <p>Cluster (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles of a material when it is heated, according to the particle model explanation?

    <p>They speed up and push further apart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does oil float on water?

    <p>Because oil is less dense than water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of designing structures and selecting materials that can withstand temperature changes?

    <p>Thermal engineering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the density of a gas when it expands into a larger container?

    <p>It decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of considering the expansion and contraction of materials in construction and engineering projects?

    <p>To ensure the structure can withstand temperature changes without damage or cracking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of layering liquids by density?

    <p>Oil on top of water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the activity 'Comparing Densities'?

    <p>To compare the densities of different states of matter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the effect of one thing on another?

    <p>Impact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is sand a solid with high density?

    <p>Because its particles are closely packed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of oil spills on the environment?

    <p>It causes significant environmental damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for observing the expansion and contraction of different materials?

    <p>To prevent structural failures and prolong the lifespan of buildings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the length of a metal rod when it is heated?

    <p>It increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that gas particles exert when they collide with the walls of their container?

    <p>Pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the temperature of a gas on its pressure?

    <p>It increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure inside a container when the volume is decreased?

    <p>It increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a pressure gauge?

    <p>To measure the pressure of a gas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure inside a balloon when more air is added?

    <p>It increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cooling a gas on its pressure?

    <p>It decreases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the number of gas particles and the pressure inside a container?

    <p>More particles result in higher pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating density?

    <p>Density (D) = Mass (m) / Volume (V) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials is an example of a dense material?

    <p>A piece of cake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the device used to measure the pressure of a gas?

    <p>Pressure gauge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the density of solids, liquids, and gases?

    <p>The arrangement and spacing of their particles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the density of a substance when it changes from a solid to a liquid?

    <p>It decreases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ratio of mass to volume?

    <p>Density (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a less dense material?

    <p>A sponge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of comparing the densities of different materials?

    <p>To understand how density affects the 'heaviness' of objects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of matter in an object?

    <p>Mass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of space an object occupies?

    <p>Volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following states of matter has the highest density?

    <p>Solids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the combustion of ammonium dichromate in oxygen?

    <p>Nitrogen gas, water, and chromium oxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What field of science is Marie Curie known for her research in?

    <p>Physics and Chemistry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chemists in various industries?

    <p>Developing new materials and improving existing products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of the sparks produced when ammonium dichromate burns in oxygen?

    <p>Bright orange (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fields involve the use of chemistry?

    <p>Medicine, environmental science, forensic science, and materials science (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the density of a gas when it is moved from a smaller container to a larger one?

    <p>It decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign of a chemical reaction?

    <p>A change in smell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure of a gas when its volume is decreased?

    <p>It increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process in which substances are transformed into new substances with different chemical properties?

    <p>Chemical reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a reaction flask in a chemical reaction?

    <p>To carry out the chemical reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between vinegar and the eggshell?

    <p>The dissolution of the eggshell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles of a gas when its volume is increased?

    <p>They have more space to move (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the container used to carry out a chemical reaction?

    <p>Reaction vessel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sign of a chemical reaction that involves the formation of a solid material?

    <p>Formation of a solid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure of a gas when its volume is increased?

    <p>It decreases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary result of a chemical reaction?

    <p>The formation of new compounds with different properties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a chemical reaction?

    <p>Reactant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which microorganisms convert sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide?

    <p>Fermentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction?

    <p>Chemical Equation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the numbers placed before the formulae in a chemical equation to indicate the number of units of each substance involved in the reaction?

    <p>Coefficients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between carbon and oxygen?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together?

    <p>Compound (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transformation of reactants into products during a chemical reaction?

    <p>Rearrangement of Atoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the visible changes that can help identify that a chemical reaction has taken place?

    <p>Physical Changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which yeast converts sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide?

    <p>Fermentation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compound?

    <p>A pure substance that consists of two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together in fixed ratios (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the forces that hold atoms together in a molecule?

    <p>Chemical bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a chemical formula?

    <p>To represent the type and number of atoms in a molecule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in a decomposition reaction?

    <p>A single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mixture?

    <p>A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded and retain their individual properties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?

    <p>A pure substance is composed of only one type of matter, while a mixture is composed of multiple types of matter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during a chemical reaction?

    <p>The breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, resulting in the formation of new substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of atoms bonded together?

    <p>Molecule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a chemical equation?

    <p>To represent the reactants and products of a chemical reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a microorganism that causes disease?

    <p>Pathogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a compound?

    <p>Water (H2O) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mode of transmission involves the spread of pathogens through the air?

    <p>Airborne Transmission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the increase in body temperature, often due to infection?

    <p>Fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transmission occurs when pathogens enter the body through cuts or wounds?

    <p>Direct Contact Transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the body's defense system against infections and diseases?

    <p>Immune System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transmission occurs when pathogens are spread through contaminated food?

    <p>Foodborne Transmission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for making something impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance?

    <p>Contaminate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is typically transmitted through airborne transmission?

    <p>Tuberculosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of beneficial gut bacteria in the human body?

    <p>To aid in digestion and nutrient absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fermentation primarily used for in the food industry?

    <p>To produce yogurt, cheese, and bread (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Sir Alexander Fleming's discovery?

    <p>He discovered penicillin, leading to the development of antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microorganisms in sewage treatment?

    <p>To break down organic matter, reducing pollution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of bioremediation?

    <p>To break down pollutants into less harmful substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of microorganisms in medical applications?

    <p>They are used to develop antibiotics and vaccines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of yeast in fermentation?

    <p>To convert sugars into carbon dioxide and alcohol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of microorganisms in environmental sustainability?

    <p>They are used to clean up oil spills and heavy metals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of microorganisms in biotechnology?

    <p>To produce insulin and human growth hormones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an element?

    <p>A substance that consists of only one type of atom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of scientific models?

    <p>To help us understand complex concepts and phenomena (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of microorganisms in food processing?

    <p>To ferment food products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for matter to change from one state to another?

    <p>Either heating or cooling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of John Dalton's postulates in understanding elements and their properties?

    <p>They form the basis of our understanding of elements and their properties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a solid changes directly into a gas?

    <p>Sublimation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons?

    <p>Nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a gas changes to a liquid?

    <p>Condensation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for particles smaller than an atom that make up its structure?

    <p>Sub-atomic particles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of evaporation and boiling?

    <p>Liquid to gas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of elements that makes them unique?

    <p>Their atomic number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the negatively charged sub-atomic particles that orbit the nucleus?

    <p>Electrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the gaseous state of a substance that is normally a liquid or solid at room temperature?

    <p>Vapour (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a liquid changes to a gas at a temperature below its boiling point?

    <p>Evaporation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Democritus' concept of 'atomos'?

    <p>It introduced the idea of atoms as indivisible particles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance that consists of atoms of the same element?

    <p>Element (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of deposition?

    <p>Gas to solid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of the atomic model in understanding atomic behavior?

    <p>It helps scientists predict and explain atomic behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the change in form, appearance, nature, or character of a substance?

    <p>Transformation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles during melting?

    <p>They gain energy and vibrate more vigorously (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of hand hygiene in preventing the spread of pathogens?

    <p>To reduce the risk of transmitting infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne transmission?

    <p>Rabies transmitted through bites from infected animals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of Louis Pasteur in combating infectious diseases?

    <p>Discovering vaccines for rabies and anthrax (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way HIV is transmitted?

    <p>Through unprotected sex with an infected person (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in ecosystems?

    <p>Converting atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using sterilized equipment in medical settings?

    <p>To reduce the risk of transmitting infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of vaccination in preventing infectious diseases?

    <p>To stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections like HIV?

    <p>Practicing abstinence or safe sex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of decomposers in ecosystems?

    <p>Breaking down dead plant and animal matter, returning essential nutrients to the soil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for pursuing a career in microbiology or medical research?

    <p>To make a difference in the world by combating infectious diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between elements and compounds?

    <p>Elements are made up of single atoms, while compounds are made up of two or more different kinds of atoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of mixtures?

    <p>Made up of different kinds of particles that are not chemically bonded (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of air according to the flowchart for classifying matter?

    <p>Homogeneous mixture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the particle model of matter?

    <p>A scientific theory that explains the structure and behavior of matter in all three states (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key aspect of the particle model of matter?

    <p>All matter is made up of incredibly small particles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of granite according to the flowchart for classifying matter?

    <p>Heterogeneous mixture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a controlled experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time to isolate the effects of that variable?

    <p>Controlled experiment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an observable event or fact, especially one that is not fully understood?

    <p>Phenomenon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world based on a body of evidence and repeated experiments?

    <p>Scientific theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of sea water according to the flowchart for classifying matter?

    <p>Homogeneous mixture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of particles in a solid state?

    <p>They are closely packed in a fixed, orderly arrangement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to particles during the process of melting?

    <p>They gain energy and move out of their fixed positions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of condensation?

    <p>A gas transitions to a liquid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the particle model of matter useful?

    <p>It explains the properties of different states of matter and describes changes of state. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the spaces between particles in a substance?

    <p>Voids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to particles during the process of sublimation?

    <p>They gain energy and transition directly from solid to gas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of particles in a gas?

    <p>Random movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the particle model of matter?

    <p>To describe the properties of different states of matter and changes of state. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of changing from a liquid to a gas?

    <p>Evaporation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of particles in a liquid state?

    <p>They are close together but not in a fixed arrangement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of protons in an atom?

    <p>They determine the atomic number and identity of an element. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neutrons in an atom?

    <p>They stabilize the nucleus by reducing the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged protons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of electrons in an atom?

    <p>They determine the chemical properties and reactivity of an element. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pure substance?

    <p>A material that consists of only one type of matter throughout. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between elements and compounds?

    <p>Elements are pure substances that consist of only one kind of atom, while compounds are made up of two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the atomic model?

    <p>It helps us understand the behavior and interaction of atoms in different chemical reactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of understanding pure substances in chemistry?

    <p>It provides a baseline for how elements and compounds behave when not mixed with other materials. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the force that holds atoms together in a molecule?

    <p>Chemical bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the particles in a solid?

    <p>They are closely packed in a fixed arrangement and vibrate in place. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of two or more atoms bonded together?

    <p>Molecule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a representation of a substance using symbols for its constituent elements?

    <p>Chemical formula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the difference in diffusion rates between gases and liquids?

    <p>Space between particles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until they are evenly spread out?

    <p>Diffusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the particles in a liquid?

    <p>They are close together but not in a fixed arrangement and move around each other. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the particles in a gas?

    <p>They are far apart and move freely and randomly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the change in shape of a solid?

    <p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the random movement of particles in a substance?

    <p>Particles spread out and mix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the rate of diffusion?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the arrangement of particles in a solid?

    <p>Regular arrangement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the forces of attraction between particles in a solid?

    <p>They are strong and hold particles in place (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to prevent the spread of HIV?

    <p>Practicing abstinence or safe sex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of decomposers in ecosystems?

    <p>To break down dead plant and animal matter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of hand hygiene in preventing the spread of pathogens?

    <p>It can significantly reduce the risk of transmitting infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in ecosystems?

    <p>To convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for malaria?

    <p>Through the bites of infected mosquitoes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contribution of useful microorganisms to ecosystems?

    <p>They play crucial roles in nutrient cycling, food production, medicine, and environmental sustainability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Louis Pasteur in medical microbiology?

    <p>He developed the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of sterilized equipment in medical settings?

    <p>To prevent the spread of infections like HIV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of vaccination in preventing infectious diseases?

    <p>It stimulates the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is rabies primarily transmitted through?

    <p>The bites of infected animals such as dogs and bats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of beneficial gut bacteria in the human body?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fermentation?

    <p>A metabolic process that produces energy under anaerobic conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of microorganisms in sewage treatment?

    <p>To break down organic matter and reduce pollution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of yeast in bread making?

    <p>To convert sugars into carbon dioxide and alcohol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin?

    <p>It led to the development of antibiotics, revolutionizing medicine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bioremediation?

    <p>The process of breaking down pollutants into less harmful substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microorganisms in biofuel production?

    <p>To produce renewable energy sources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of microorganisms in food processing?

    <p>To ferment food, preserving and enhancing its quality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of yeast in genetic engineering?

    <p>To produce important pharmaceuticals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of microorganisms in environmental sustainability?

    <p>To play a critical role in cleaning up pollutants and reducing pollution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a microorganism that causes disease?

    <p>Pathogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of airborne transmission?

    <p>Flu (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for making something impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance?

    <p>Contaminate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of foodborne transmission?

    <p>Salmonella (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the body's defense system against infections and diseases?

    <p>Immune System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of direct contact transmission?

    <p>Tetanus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the spread of pathogens from one host to another?

    <p>Transmitted (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of waterborne transmission?

    <p>Cholera (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an element in terms of chemistry?

    <p>A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with reintroducing the idea of atoms to the scientific world?

    <p>John Dalton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons?

    <p>Atomic nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of scientific models in understanding complex concepts?

    <p>To simplify complex concepts and aid understanding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the identity of an element?

    <p>Atomic number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for particles smaller than an atom that make up its structure?

    <p>Sub-atomic particles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number?

    <p>Periodic Table of Elements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the negatively charged sub-atomic particles that orbit the nucleus?

    <p>Electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of John Dalton's postulates in understanding elements and their properties?

    <p>They formed the basis of our understanding of elements and their properties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom?

    <p>Atomic mass (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

    <p>A compound is a mixture of two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the forces that hold atoms together in a molecule?

    <p>Chemical bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the chemical formula H2O represent?

    <p>A compound of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the decomposition of water?

    <p>Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are formed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?

    <p>A molecule is a group of atoms, while a compound is a pure substance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded and retain their individual properties?

    <p>Mixture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of elements?

    <p>They consist of single atoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a pure substance that consists of only one type of matter throughout?

    <p>Element (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a diatomic molecule?

    <p>Oxygen (O2) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances?

    <p>Decomposition reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the forces that break existing bonds between atoms and form new bonds between different atoms?

    <p>Breaking and forming bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between compounds and mixtures?

    <p>Compounds are chemically bonded, while mixtures are not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?

    <p>Rocks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a diagram that represents the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule?

    <p>Chemical formula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the particle model of matter?

    <p>A well-substantiated explanation of the structure and behavior of matter. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the particle model of matter?

    <p>All matter is made up of incredibly small particles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a controlled experiment?

    <p>An experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a homogeneous mixture?

    <p>Sea water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of matter that includes elements and compounds?

    <p>Pure substance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of populations in relation to their environment?

    <p>Ecology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of particles in a solid?

    <p>Particles vibrate but do not move from their fixed positions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During evaporation, what happens to the particles?

    <p>Particles gain enough energy to break free from the liquid state. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the particle model of matter?

    <p>To describe the properties of different states of matter. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the spaces between particles as you move from a solid to a gas?

    <p>They get larger and more empty. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of particles moving directly from a solid to a gas?

    <p>Sublimation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why the particle model of matter is useful?

    <p>It explains the properties of different states of matter. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the energy of particles during melting?

    <p>Particles gain energy and move out of their fixed positions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of particles in a solid?

    <p>They are closely packed in a regular, fixed arrangement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between diffusion in liquids and gases?

    <p>Diffusion is faster in gases due to greater particle spacing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of particles in a gas?

    <p>Random motion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a solid and a liquid?

    <p>Solids have a fixed shape, while liquids have a definite volume. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

    <p>Diffusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of particles in a gas?

    <p>They are far apart and move rapidly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of particles moving directly from a gas to a solid?

    <p>Deposition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why particles in a liquid move more slowly than those in a gas?

    <p>Liquids have smaller particle spacing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until they are evenly spread out?

    <p>Diffusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do particles in a solid vibrate in their fixed positions?

    <p>Due to strong forces of attraction between particles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of particles in a liquid?

    <p>They are closely packed but not in a fixed arrangement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the forces that pull particles towards each other?

    <p>Forces of attraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do particles in a gas move very fast and freely?

    <p>Due to weak forces of attraction between particles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas at a temperature below its boiling point?

    <p>Evaporation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transformation of matter from one physical state to another?

    <p>Change of state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a gas changes to a liquid?

    <p>Condensation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the gaseous state of a substance that is normally a liquid or solid at room temperature?

    <p>Vapour (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a liquid changes to a solid?

    <p>Solidifying (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the direct change from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state?

    <p>Sublimation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the direct change from gas to solid without passing through the liquid state?

    <p>Deposition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles of a substance when it is heated?

    <p>They vibrate more vigorously (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the temperature of a substance that is a measure of the average kinetic energy of its particles?

    <p>Temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a solid changes to a liquid when it is heated?

    <p>Melting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are neutrons located in an atom?

    <p>In the atomic nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the number of protons in an atom?

    <p>Determines the atomic number and identity of an element (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of electrons?

    <p>Negative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pure substance?

    <p>A material made of only one kind of matter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of electrons in an atom?

    <p>Determines the chemical properties and reactivity of an element (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an element?

    <p>A pure substance that consists of only one kind of atom (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of neutrons?

    <p>Neutral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of neutrons in an atom?

    <p>Stabilizes the nucleus by reducing electrostatic repulsion between protons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compound?

    <p>A substance made up of two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a microorganism that causes disease?

    <p>Pathogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mode of transmission involves droplets in the air?

    <p>Airborne Transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of consuming contaminated water?

    <p>Severe diarrhea and dehydration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can pathogens enter the body?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the body's defense system against infections and diseases?

    <p>Immune System (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for tetanus bacteria?

    <p>Direct Contact Transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for making something impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance?

    <p>Contaminate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of improper food handling and preparation?

    <p>Contamination with bacteria like Salmonella or E.coli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of neutrons in the atomic nucleus?

    <p>To stabilize the nucleus by reducing electrostatic repulsion between protons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the chemical properties and reactivity of an element?

    <p>The arrangement of electrons in the outermost shell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a pure substance?

    <p>It consists of only one type of matter throughout (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance made up of two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together?

    <p>Compound (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom?

    <p>It determines the atomic number and identity of an element (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electron cloud model?

    <p>A model that depicts the atom as consisting of a dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of electrons in the atomic structure?

    <p>To orbit the nucleus and determine the chemical properties of an element (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the force that holds atoms together in a molecule?

    <p>Chemical bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of pure substances in chemistry?

    <p>They provide a baseline for understanding chemical reactions and properties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of two or more atoms bonded together?

    <p>Molecule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)?

    <p>Through unprotected sex with an infected person or sharing needles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded and retain their individual properties?

    <p>Mixture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of hand hygiene in preventing the spread of pathogens?

    <p>It reduces the risk of transmitting infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the forces that hold atoms together in a molecule?

    <p>Chemical Bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in ecosystems?

    <p>They convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds that plants can use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne transmission?

    <p>Bites from infected animals or insects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a diatomic molecule?

    <p>Oxygen (O2) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in decomposition reactions?

    <p>Breaking of existing chemical bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an element?

    <p>A substance that consists of only one type of atom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of vaccination in preventing infectious diseases?

    <p>To stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a pure substance that consists of two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together in fixed ratios?

    <p>Compound (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of decomposers in ecosystems?

    <p>They break down dead plant and animal matter, returning essential nutrients to the soil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons?

    <p>Nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of understanding complex concepts or phenomena through simplified representations?

    <p>Scientific model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Louis Pasteur's contributions to medical microbiology?

    <p>He developed the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is represented by the chemical formula H2O?

    <p>Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the decomposition of water (H2O) into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) gases?

    <p>Formation of two new elements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of Malaria?

    <p>Through bites from infected mosquitoes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fundamental principle or assumption that is accepted without proof as the basis for reasoning?

    <p>Postulate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of atoms bonded together?

    <p>Molecule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the smallest particles that make up an atom?

    <p>Sub-atomic particles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of antibiotics in medicine?

    <p>To kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using sterilized equipment in medical settings?

    <p>It reduces the risk of transmitting infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom?

    <p>Atomic number (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chemical formulae?

    <p>To represent the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of beneficial gut bacteria in the human body?

    <p>To aid in digestion and nutrient absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following microorganisms is used in the fermentation of milk to produce yogurt and cheese?

    <p>Lactobacillus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom?

    <p>Electrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process in which atoms gain or lose electrons to form chemical bonds?

    <p>Not mentioned in the content (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of fermentation under anaerobic conditions?

    <p>Conversion of sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the combination of atoms in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds?

    <p>Atomic combination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with reintroducing the idea of atoms to the scientific world?

    <p>John Dalton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which application are microorganisms used to break down organic matter, reducing pollution and treating sewage?

    <p>Sewage treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microorganisms in bioremediation?

    <p>To break down pollutants into less harmful substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the representation of atoms as composed of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting around this nucleus?

    <p>Atomic model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered penicillin by chance when he noticed that a mold produced a substance that killed surrounding bacteria?

    <p>Alexander Fleming (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of microorganisms being used in genetic engineering?

    <p>Production of insulin and human growth hormones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of yeast in bread making?

    <p>To convert sugars into carbon dioxide and alcohol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of microorganisms in environmental sustainability?

    <p>To clean up oil spills, heavy metals, and other environmental contaminants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of microorganisms in medical applications?

    <p>They are used to develop vaccines and antibiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between elements and compounds?

    <p>Elements are made up of single atoms, while compounds are made up of two or more different kinds of atoms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a mixture of different kinds of particles that are not chemically bonded?

    <p>Mixture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of air according to the flowchart for classifying matter?

    <p>Homogeneous Mixture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a scientific theory that explains the structure and behavior of matter in all three states: solid, liquid, and gas?

    <p>Particle Model of Matter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of particles in a solid?

    <p>Closely packed in a fixed, orderly arrangement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the particle model of matter?

    <p>Matter is made up of incredibly small particles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to particles during melting?

    <p>They gain energy and move out of their fixed positions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of granite according to the flowchart for classifying matter?

    <p>Heterogeneous Mixture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a pure substance that consists of two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded in a fixed ratio?

    <p>Compound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of a solid changing directly to a gas?

    <p>Sublimation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of controlled experiments in understanding the particle model of matter?

    <p>To test hypotheses and understand phenomena (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of oxygen gas (O2) according to the flowchart for classifying matter?

    <p>Element (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of particles in a gas?

    <p>Random and rapid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a controlled experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time to isolate the effects of that variable?

    <p>Controlled Experiment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the particle model of matter?

    <p>To explain the structure and behavior of matter in all three states: solid, liquid, and gas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of particles gaining energy in a liquid?

    <p>They move more freely and break away from the liquid state (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the forces between particles in a solid?

    <p>Strong (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the behavior of matter in its three states?

    <p>Particle model of matter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of particles losing energy in a gas?

    <p>They move more slowly and come closer together (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the spaces between particles in a solid?

    <p>Empty and void of air (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of particles in a solid state?

    <p>They are closely packed and have a fixed arrangement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between diffusion in liquids and gases?

    <p>Diffusion is faster in gases due to their farther apart particles and higher speeds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

    <p>Diffusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the difference in compressibility between solids and liquids?

    <p>Solids have stronger forces of attraction between particles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of particles in a liquid state?

    <p>They are close together but not in a fixed arrangement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the forces that pull particles towards each other?

    <p>Forces of attraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of particles in a gaseous state?

    <p>They are far apart and move freely. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the factor that affects the rate of diffusion?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of particles in a zigzag path due to constant collisions with other particles?

    <p>Random movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for the random movement of particles?

    <p>Heat energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a gas changes to a liquid?

    <p>Condensation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the direct change from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state?

    <p>Sublimation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles of a substance when it is heated?

    <p>They vibrate more vigorously and gain energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a liquid changes to a gas at a temperature below its boiling point?

    <p>Evaporation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of particles gaining energy in a substance?

    <p>They vibrate more vigorously and break free from their fixed positions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a liquid changes to a solid?

    <p>Solidifying (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles of a substance when it is cooled?

    <p>They slow down and come closer together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transformation of matter from one physical state to another?

    <p>Change of state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of particles losing energy in a substance?

    <p>They slow down and come closer together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a gas changes to a solid without passing through the liquid state?

    <p>Deposition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a microorganism that causes disease?

    <p>Pathogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mode of transmission involves the spread of pathogens through untreated and contaminated water?

    <p>Waterborne Transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the body's defense system against infections and diseases?

    <p>Immune System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of direct contact transmission?

    <p>Tetanus bacteria entering the body through a wound (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an increase in body temperature, often due to infection?

    <p>Fever (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mode of transmission involves the spread of pathogens through droplets in the air?

    <p>Airborne Transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for making something impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance?

    <p>Contaminate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mode of transmission involves the spread of pathogens through improperly handled or contaminated food?

    <p>Foodborne Transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of beneficial gut bacteria in the human body?

    <p>To aid in digestion and nutrient absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which microorganisms convert sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol?

    <p>Fermentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of microorganisms in the production of yogurt and cheese?

    <p>Fermentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microorganisms in sewage treatment?

    <p>To break down organic matter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of microorganisms in the development of vaccines?

    <p>To stimulate the immune system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the discovery made by Alexander Fleming that revolutionized medicine?

    <p>Penicillin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microorganisms in biotechnology?

    <p>To produce biofuels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which microorganisms break down pollutants into less harmful substances?

    <p>Bioremediation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way to prevent the spread of pathogens?

    <p>Regular hand washing with soap and warm water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of microorganisms in bread making?

    <p>Fermentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mutualistic relationship between plants and microorganisms essential for?

    <p>Soil fertility and agricultural productivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes?

    <p>Malaria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Louis Pasteur in medical microbiology?

    <p>Development of vaccines for rabies and anthrax (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of converting sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen?

    <p>Fermentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of decomposers in ecosystems?

    <p>Breaking down dead plant and animal matter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance used to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria?

    <p>Antibiotic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is HIV transmitted?

    <p>Through unprotected sex with an infected person (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in ecosystems?

    <p>Converting atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for plants that have a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

    <p>Legumes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of killing harmful bacteria in food and drinks?

    <p>Pasteurization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an element in the context of chemistry?

    <p>A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of John Dalton's postulates in the development of atomic theory?

    <p>They formed the basis of our understanding of elements and their properties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of protons in an atom?

    <p>To form the nucleus with neutrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the number of protons in the atomic nucleus?

    <p>It determines the atomic number and identity of an element. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of scientific models in understanding complex concepts?

    <p>To simplify complex concepts and aid understanding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the atomic number in an element?

    <p>It determines the identity of the element (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neutrons in the atomic nucleus?

    <p>They stabilize the nucleus by reducing electrostatic repulsion between protons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the electron arrangement in an atom?

    <p>It determines the chemical properties and reactivity of an element. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons?

    <p>Nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a pure substance?

    <p>It consists of only one type of matter throughout. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element?

    <p>Atom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Democritus' concept of 'atomos' in the development of atomic theory?

    <p>It introduced the idea that matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded and retain their individual properties?

    <p>Mixture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an element and a compound?

    <p>An element is a pure substance, while a compound is a mixture of different elements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance made up of two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together?

    <p>Compound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a pure substance that consists of two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together in fixed ratios?

    <p>Compound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of atoms combining in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds?

    <p>Combination reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the structure, properties, and reactions of matter?

    <p>Chemistry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the atomic model in understanding chemical reactions?

    <p>It helps us understand the interaction of atoms in different chemical reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the forces that hold atoms together in a molecule?

    <p>Chemical Bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of two or more atoms bonded together?

    <p>Molecule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of atoms bonded together?

    <p>Molecule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of understanding pure substances in chemistry?

    <p>It provides a baseline for studying chemical reactions and properties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a chemical reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances?

    <p>Decomposition Reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the force that holds atoms together in a molecule?

    <p>Chemical bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a representation of the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule?

    <p>Chemical Formula (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the decomposition of water (H2O) into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) gases?

    <p>Breaking of chemical bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process in which new bonds are formed between different atoms, resulting in new substances?

    <p>Formation of New Chemical Bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a pure substance that consists of only one type of matter throughout?

    <p>Element (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distinction between mixtures and pure substances?

    <p>Distinction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of particles in a solid state?

    <p>Particles are closely packed in a fixed, orderly arrangement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to particles during the process of evaporation?

    <p>Particles gain enough energy to break free from the liquid state. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the particle model of matter?

    <p>To describe the properties of different states of matter. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of particles in a gas state?

    <p>Particles are far apart and move randomly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when a solid changes directly to a gas?

    <p>Sublimation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to particles during the process of condensation?

    <p>Particles lose energy and come closer to form a liquid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of controlled experiments in the particle model of matter?

    <p>To test hypotheses and understand phenomena. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of particles in a liquid state?

    <p>Particles are close together but not in a fixed arrangement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which particles change from a solid to a liquid state?

    <p>Melting. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of populations in relation to their environment?

    <p>Ecology. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of an element?

    <p>Made up of single atoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

    <p>A compound has a fixed ratio of atoms, while a mixture does not (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?

    <p>Rocks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the solid state?

    <p>Particles are closely packed in a regular arrangement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the particle model of matter?

    <p>A scientific theory that explains the structure and behavior of matter in all three states (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the particles in the particle model of matter?

    <p>They are made up of atoms or combinations of atoms bonded together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the compressibility of gases?

    <p>Weak forces of attraction between particles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

    <p>Diffusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a pure substance?

    <p>Gold (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that affects the rate of diffusion?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of matter that includes elements and compounds?

    <p>Pure substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture?

    <p>Homogeneous mixtures are uniform in their composition, while heterogeneous mixtures are not (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the slower diffusion rate in liquids compared to gases?

    <p>Particles are more closely packed in liquids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the forces that pull particles towards each other?

    <p>Forces of attraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a compound?

    <p>Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the liquid state?

    <p>Particles are close together but not in a fixed arrangement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific theory that explains the structure and behavior of matter in all three states?

    <p>The particle model of matter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the act of watching or noting something for a scientific purpose?

    <p>Observation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the fixed shape of solids?

    <p>Particles are closely packed in a regular arrangement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of particles moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until they are evenly spread out?

    <p>Diffusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a solid is heated to its melting point?

    <p>It changes into a liquid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a gas changes to a liquid?

    <p>Condensation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature does water boil at sea level?

    <p>100°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the direct change from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state?

    <p>Sublimation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a liquid changes to a solid?

    <p>Solidifying (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of heating a substance?

    <p>Its particles gain energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transformation of matter from one physical state to another?

    <p>Change of state (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the energy of the particles in a substance?

    <p>Kinetic energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a gas is cooled?

    <p>It loses energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the direct change from gas to solid without passing through the liquid state?

    <p>Deposition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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