Biology Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
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Questions and Answers

Where does photosynthesis take place?

In the leaves, specifically in the chloroplasts

What are the inputs of photosynthesis?

Water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight

What are the two main steps of photosynthesis?

Light dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle

What are the inputs and outputs of the light-dependent reactions?

<p>Inputs: Light energy and water; Outputs: Oxygen, ATP, and NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the inputs and outputs of the Calvin cycle?

<p>Inputs: Carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH; Outputs: Glucose and ADP</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does each step of photosynthesis occur within the chloroplast?

<p>Light-dependent reactions: Thylakoid membranes, Calvin cycle: Stroma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

<p>6CO2 + 6H2O →→→ 6O2 + C6H12O6</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are plants green?

<p>Plants are green because they absorb blue and red light and reflect green light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chlorophyll in plants?

<p>Chlorophyll helps plants absorb energy from the sun to power photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the correct structures of the following components within the chloroplast?

<p>Thylakoid: Photosynthetic disc found in chloroplast, Granum: Stack of thylakoids, Stroma: Solution inside chloroplasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main product of photosynthesis?

<p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a heterotroph and an autotroph?

<p>Autotrophs are organisms that can create their own food using sunlight or chemical energy. Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot produce their own food and must consume other organisms to obtain energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does cellular respiration occur?

<p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which has more energy, ATP or ADP, and why?

<p>ATP has more energy because it has three phosphate groups, while ADP has two. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are NADH and FADH2?

<p>NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers involved in cellular respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps of cellular respiration and where do they take place?

<p>Glycolysis: Cytoplasm, Prep Step: Mitochondria, Krebs Cycle: Matrix of Mitochondria, ETC: Inner Mitochondrial Membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the inputs and outputs of glycolysis?

<p>Inputs: 2 ATP, 2 NAD+, 1 glucose, 4 ADP, 2 P; Outputs: 4 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 ADP, 2 H2O, 2 pyruvate molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the inputs and outputs of the prep step?

<p>Inputs: 2 pyruvate, 2 CoA, and 2 NAD+; Outputs: 2 acetyl CoA, 2 NADH+H+, and 2 CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the inputs and outputs of the Krebs cycle?

<p>Inputs: 2 Acetyl CoA, 6 NAD+, 2 FAD; Outputs: 4 molecules of CO2, 6 molecules of NADH, 2 molecules of FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the inputs and outputs of the electron transport chain?

<p>Inputs: NADH and FADH2 molecules; Output: Water and ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step in cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

<p>Electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ATP synthase?

<p>ATP synthase is an enzyme that makes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?

<p>Aerobic respiration occurs with oxygen and releases more energy but more slowly. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lactic acid fermentation?

<p>Lactic acid fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in muscle cells during intense exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is alcoholic fermentation?

<p>Alcoholic fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration that produces ethanol and carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

<p>C6H12O6 + 6O2 --&gt; 6CO2 + 6H2O + Chemical Energy (in ATP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main product of cellular respiration?

<p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

<p>Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are interconnected processes in which the products of one process are the inputs of the other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

<p>Photosynthesis: Inputs - carbon dioxide, water, sunlight; Outputs - glucose (sugar), oxygen. Cellular Respiration: Inputs - glucose, oxygen; Outputs - carbon dioxide, water, ATP (energy).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Photosynthesis location

Photosynthesis takes place in the leaves, specifically within chloroplasts.

Photosynthesis inputs

Photosynthesis needs water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight energy.

Photosynthesis outputs

Photosynthesis produces glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

Photosynthesis steps

Photosynthesis involves light-dependent reactions (converting light to energy and producing oxygen) and the Calvin cycle (using that energy to make glucose).

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Light-dependent reactions inputs

Light energy and water are needed for these reactions.

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Light-dependent reactions outputs

Oxygen, ATP (energy), and NADPH (energy) are the outputs.

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Calvin Cycle location

This part of photosynthesis takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast.

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Photosynthesis equation

6CO2 + 6H2O + Light --> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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Chlorophyll function

Chlorophyll absorbs light energy for photosynthesis, primarily red and blue light, reflecting green light.

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Thylakoid

A disc-shaped structure within the chloroplast.

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Granum

A stack of thylakoids.

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Stroma

The fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoid membranes within chloroplasts.

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Stomata

Small pores on the surface of leaves that allow gas exchange (CO2 in, oxygen out).

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Cellular respiration location

Cellular respiration happens in the mitochondria.

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ATP vs ADP

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) has three phosphate groups while ADP (adenosine diphosphate) has two. ATP stores more energy.

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Cellular Respiration steps

Glycolysis (cytoplasm), Prep step (mitochondria), Krebs Cycle (mitochondria), Electron Transport Chain (ETC) (mitochondria).

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NADH and FADH2

Electron carriers crucial in cellular respiration, transporting electrons for energy production.

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Main Product of Photosynthesis

Glucose (a type of sugar), which is used as energy by plants.

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Heterotroph

An organism that cannot produce its own food and relies on consuming other organisms for energy.

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Autotroph

An organism that can produce its own food through processes like photosynthesis.

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ATP Synthase

The enzyme responsible for synthesizing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate in the electron transport chain.

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Main Product of Cellular Respiration

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - the main energy currency used by cells.

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Study Notes

Photosynthesis

  • Location: Leaves, specifically chloroplasts
  • Inputs: Water, carbon dioxide, sunlight energy
  • Outputs: Glucose, oxygen
  • Process: Light-dependent reactions (thylakoid membranes) and the Calvin cycle (stroma)
  • Light-dependent reaction inputs: Light energy, water
  • Light-dependent reaction outputs: Oxygen, ATP, NADPH
  • Chemical Equation: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → 6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆
  • Chlorophyll Function: Absorbs blue and red light, reflects green light, essential for capturing sun's energy during photosynthesis
  • Thylakoid: Photosynthetic disc in chloroplasts
  • Granum: Stack of thylakoids
  • Stroma: Solution inside chloroplasts
  • Stomata: (Not directly related to photosynthesis steps, but important for gas exchange)
  • Main Product: Glucose

Cellular Respiration

  • Location: Mitochondria
  • ATP vs ADP: ATP (three phosphate groups) stores more energy than ADP (two phosphate groups)
  • NADH and FADH₂: Electron carriers crucial in energy transfer during respiration
  • Steps and Locations:
    • Glycolysis (Cytoplasm): Breaks down glucose into pyruvate
    • Prep Step (Mitochondria): Prepares pyruvate for the Krebs cycle
    • Krebs Cycle (Mitochondria Matrix): Generates electron carriers (NADH, FADH₂) and CO₂
    • Electron Transport Chain (Inner Mitochondrial Membrane): Produces most ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
  • Overall Chemical Equation: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP (energy)
  • Main Product: ATP
  • Inputs and Outputs of Each Step: (See detailed table)
  • Which Step Makes Most ATP: Electron Transport Chain
  • ATP Synthase: Enzyme that produces ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate
  • Anaerobic vs Aerobic Respiration: Aerobic requires oxygen, anaerobic does not
  • Lactic Acid Fermentation: Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells; produces lactic acid
  • Alcoholic Fermentation: Anaerobic process used by yeast; produces alcohol and CO₂

Relationship Between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

  • Photosynthesis produces glucose, used in cellular respiration to create ATP.
  • Glucose is transformed back into carbon dioxide, utilized in photosynthesis.
  • Maintains a balanced atmospheric exchange of CO₂and O₂.
  • Essential for energy storage and release at a cellular level.

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Description

Explore the intricate processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. This quiz covers the locations, inputs, outputs, and significance of these essential biological processes, as well as the roles of chlorophyll and mitochondria. Test your knowledge of the chemical equations and main products involved.

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