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is added to the fixer as a preservative to prevent oxidation of the developing agents that are carried over into the fixing bath by the film; prevent decomposition of the fixing bath; prevents discoloration of the solution; and aids in the elimination of stains.
The fixer is sometimes called “___” because the conditioners to shorten processing time or to preserve other solutions.
is added to the fixing bath to neutralize the action of the developer remaining in the emulsion when the film is immersed in the fixing bath.
sometimes referred to as a stop bath and is more effective than a water rinse, as it instantly neutralizes the action of the developer and stops further development.
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the chemical most commonly used as a restrainer is potassium bromide.
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It is the sensitivity of the film emulsion to light, which is measured and expressed in a numerical rating called ISO formerly known as ASA/DIN.
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is an over-coating of a thin layer of hard gelatin which helps protect the silver halide emulsion from scratches and abrasions.
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– It is a combination of two achromatic lens with almost the same focal length. This is corrected from some kinds of lens defects but not on astigmatism.
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- A zoom lens - one in which focal length is variable
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- Light falling on a surface - not the light reflected from it.
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Study Notes
Preservatives in Fixer
- Added to fixer to prevent oxidation of developing agents retained from the film.
- Prevents decomposition and discoloration of the fixing bath solution.
- Aids in eliminating stains on the film.
Fixative Types and Functions
- Often referred to as a conditioner, it shortens processing time or preserves other solutions.
- Added to neutralize residual developer action when the film enters the fixing bath.
- Known as a stop bath, provides a more effective neutralization compared to a simple water rinse.
Common Chemicals in Photography
- Potassium bromide is the primary restrainer used in photographic development.
- Film sensitivity is quantified using ISO ratings, which were formerly referred to as ASA/DIN.
Protective Film Layer
- Hard gelatin over-coating protects the silver halide emulsion from scratches and abrasions.
Lens Information
- A specific lens design consists of two achromatic lenses with nearly identical focal lengths, correcting various lens defects except astigmatism.
- A zoom lens is characterized by a variable focal length, allowing for flexibility in composition.
Light Characteristics
- Discusses light incident on a surface rather than light reflected from it, highlighting the difference in interaction.
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Description
Learn about the importance of adding a preservative to the fixing bath in photography development. Discover how it prevents oxidation, decomposition, discoloration, and stains.
