18 Questions
Which pathway is responsible for converting galactose to glucose?
Leloir pathway
In which tissue is fructose primarily metabolized in an unregulated process?
Liver
Which enzyme converts fructose-1-P to glyceraldehyde in the liver?
Aldolase B
What process circumvents the PFK reaction during fructose degradation?
Leloir pathway
Which aldolase is unique to the liver and converts fructose-1-P to glyceraldehyde?
Aldolase B
What enzyme is responsible for converting glycerol to glycerol-3-P?
Glycerol kinase
Which of the following can enter the glycolytic pathway via hexokinase ahead of the phosphofructokinase reaction?
Mannose and galactose
What is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by the action of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase?
Glycerol-3-phosphate
Describe the fate of dietary fructose in the liver compared to glucose in terms of glycolytic metabolism.
Dietary fructose is degraded almost exclusively in the liver in an unregulated process that circumvents the PFK reaction, while glucose follows the conventional glycolytic pathway.
Explain how galactose is converted to glucose through the Leloir pathway.
Galactose is converted to glucose via the Leloir pathway by a series of enzymatic reactions.
How does glycerol enter glycolysis and what are the steps involved in its conversion to dihydroxyacetone phosphate?
Glycerol enters glycolysis by being converted to glycerol-3-P by glycerol kinase. Glycerol-3-P is then oxidized to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase.
How do cells regulate glycolysis through the inhibition of specific enzymes, and what is the consequence of inhibiting these enzymes?
Cells regulate glycolysis by inhibiting hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase. The consequence of inhibiting these enzymes is halting glycolysis.
What are the metabolic fates of pyruvate produced in glycolysis and under what conditions do these fates occur?
Pyruvate can be converted to lactate or acetyl-CoA. The conversion to lactate occurs under anaerobic conditions, while the conversion to acetyl-CoA occurs under aerobic conditions.
How do cells respond to hypoxic stress in terms of glycolysis, and what adaptations are made to maintain ATP production?
During hypoxic stress, cells increase glycolysis to produce ATP anaerobically. This allows cells to continue generating ATP in the absence of oxygen.
What are the metabolic fates of NADH and pyruvate produced in glycolysis?
The metabolic fates of NADH and pyruvate produced in glycolysis include proceeding through the TCA cycle in aerobic conditions or being converted to lactate in microorganisms and animals.
How do cells respond to hypoxic stress?
Cells respond to hypoxic stress by upregulating glycolysis as an alternative pathway for ATP production in the absence of oxygen.
Are substrates other than glucose used in glycolysis?
Yes, substrates other than glucose can be used in glycolysis. For example, fructose and galactose can enter the glycolytic pathway.
What are the essential features of glycolysis?
The essential features of glycolysis include the conversion of glucose into pyruvate, ATP generation, and the production of NADH.
Test your knowledge on the activation of phosphofructokinase by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in glycolysis. Understand how F2,6-BP increases the enzyme's affinity for fructose-6-phosphate and the overall impact on enzyme activity.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
