Phosphofructokinase Activation by F2,6-BP Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which pathway is responsible for converting galactose to glucose?

  • Glycolytic pathway
  • Leloir pathway (correct)
  • Gluconeogenesis
  • Pentose phosphate pathway

In which tissue is fructose primarily metabolized in an unregulated process?

  • Kidneys
  • Adipose tissue
  • Liver (correct)
  • Muscle

Which enzyme converts fructose-1-P to glyceraldehyde in the liver?

  • Hexokinase
  • Glycerol kinase
  • Aldolase B (correct)
  • Triose kinase

What process circumvents the PFK reaction during fructose degradation?

<p>Leloir pathway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aldolase is unique to the liver and converts fructose-1-P to glyceraldehyde?

<p>Aldolase B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is responsible for converting glycerol to glycerol-3-P?

<p>Glycerol kinase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can enter the glycolytic pathway via hexokinase ahead of the phosphofructokinase reaction?

<p>Mannose and galactose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by the action of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase?

<p>Glycerol-3-phosphate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the fate of dietary fructose in the liver compared to glucose in terms of glycolytic metabolism.

<p>Dietary fructose is degraded almost exclusively in the liver in an unregulated process that circumvents the PFK reaction, while glucose follows the conventional glycolytic pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how galactose is converted to glucose through the Leloir pathway.

<p>Galactose is converted to glucose via the Leloir pathway by a series of enzymatic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does glycerol enter glycolysis and what are the steps involved in its conversion to dihydroxyacetone phosphate?

<p>Glycerol enters glycolysis by being converted to glycerol-3-P by glycerol kinase. Glycerol-3-P is then oxidized to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cells regulate glycolysis through the inhibition of specific enzymes, and what is the consequence of inhibiting these enzymes?

<p>Cells regulate glycolysis by inhibiting hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase. The consequence of inhibiting these enzymes is halting glycolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the metabolic fates of pyruvate produced in glycolysis and under what conditions do these fates occur?

<p>Pyruvate can be converted to lactate or acetyl-CoA. The conversion to lactate occurs under anaerobic conditions, while the conversion to acetyl-CoA occurs under aerobic conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cells respond to hypoxic stress in terms of glycolysis, and what adaptations are made to maintain ATP production?

<p>During hypoxic stress, cells increase glycolysis to produce ATP anaerobically. This allows cells to continue generating ATP in the absence of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the metabolic fates of NADH and pyruvate produced in glycolysis?

<p>The metabolic fates of NADH and pyruvate produced in glycolysis include proceeding through the TCA cycle in aerobic conditions or being converted to lactate in microorganisms and animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cells respond to hypoxic stress?

<p>Cells respond to hypoxic stress by upregulating glycolysis as an alternative pathway for ATP production in the absence of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are substrates other than glucose used in glycolysis?

<p>Yes, substrates other than glucose can be used in glycolysis. For example, fructose and galactose can enter the glycolytic pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the essential features of glycolysis?

<p>The essential features of glycolysis include the conversion of glucose into pyruvate, ATP generation, and the production of NADH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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