Questions and Answers
What is phonics?
What does orthography refer to?
What is a phoneme?
Basic sound unit of speech.
What are graphemes?
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What is phonological awareness?
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Define phonemic awareness.
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What is phoneme segmentation?
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What does it mean to decode?
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What is encoding?
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What is invented spelling?
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What are consonants?
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What are vowels?
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What are short vowels?
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How are long vowels defined?
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What is a diphthong?
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What is a consonant digraph?
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What is a consonant blend?
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What is a vowel digraph?
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Define onset.
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What is a rime?
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What is a syllable?
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Define morphemes.
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Study Notes
Phonics and Related Terms
- Phonics: Connection between speech sounds and their written representations.
- Orthography: The system of spelling in a language.
- Phoneme: The smallest unit of sound in speech, represented in slashes (e.g., /k/).
- Graphemes: Written symbols representing phonemes; for example, "c" in "cat" corresponds to the phoneme /k/.
Awareness and Skills
- Phonological Awareness: Recognizing units of speech, including words, syllables, and phonemes.
- Phonemic Awareness: Understanding that words are composed of individual sounds; involves skills like rhyming, blending, isolating, segmenting, and manipulating sounds.
- Phoneme Segmentation: Breaking a spoken word into its individual phonemes, essential for phonetic spelling.
- Phoneme Blending: Combining separate phonemes to form a word, useful for decoding unfamiliar words.
Reading and Writing Processes
- Decode: Converting written letters into their corresponding sounds to understand the words; requires recognition from auditory vocabulary.
- Encode: Translating spoken language into written symbols; involves using letters to represent sounds, akin to invented spelling.
- Invented Spelling: Writing unfamiliar words based on intuitive sound-letter relationships; also known as developmental or phonetic spelling.
- Phonemic Markings: Using phonetic symbols between slashes to represent a word's sounds.
Phoneme Characteristics
- Consonants: Phonemes produced by partially or completely obstructing airflow.
- Vowels: Phonemes produced with unobstructed airflow through the mouth.
- Short Vowels: Follow the CVC pattern (e.g., bag, beg, big).
- Long Vowels: Sound like the letter names (e.g., bate, bite, boat).
- R-Controlled Vowel: A vowel followed by an "r" which alters its sound.
Complex Phonemes and Structures
- Diphthong: A single phoneme where the mouth glides from one vowel sound to another.
- Consonant Digraph: Two consonants that produce one phoneme (e.g., "sh" in ship).
- Consonant Blend: A combination of consonants where each sound is heard (e.g., "st" in step).
- Vowel Digraph: Two letters representing a single vowel sound (e.g., "ea" in bread).
Syllable Structure
- Onset: The consonant sound preceding the vowel in a syllable (e.g., "c" in cat).
- Rime: The vowel and any following sounds in a syllable (e.g., "at" in cat).
- Syllable: A sound unit in a word that contains at least one vowel.
Morphology
- Morphemes: The smallest units of meaning in a word, including prefixes, suffixes, and root words (e.g., "un" and "happy" in "unhappy").
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Description
Learn essential phonics terms through these flashcards. Each card includes a word related to phonics along with its definition, helping you understand the fundamental concepts of sound-letter relationships. Great for educators and students looking to enhance their literacy skills.
