Phonics Definitions Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is phonics?

  • The spelling system of a language.
  • Basic sound unit of speech.
  • Awareness of units of speech.
  • The relationships between sounds and letters. (correct)

    • What does orthography refer to?

  • Letters that represent phonemes.
  • The spelling system of a language. (correct)
  • Basic sound unit of speech.
  • Awareness of sounds in speech.

    • What is a phoneme?

    Basic sound unit of speech.

    What are graphemes?

    <p>Letters or written symbols that represent phonemes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is phonological awareness?

    <p>Awareness of units of speech such as words, syllables, and phonemes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define phonemic awareness.

    <p>Understanding that words are made up of individual sounds (phonemes).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is phoneme segmentation?

    <p>Splitting a spoken word into its constituent phonemes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean to decode?

    <p>To take written letters and translate them into sounds (phonemes) that make up words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is encoding?

    <p>To translate spoken language into written symbols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is invented spelling?

    <p>The process of writing a word one doesn't know how to spell using knowledge of sounds and letters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are consonants?

    <p>Phonemes where the flow of air is cut off partially or completely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are vowels?

    <p>Phonemes where air flows through the mouth unobstructed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are short vowels?

    <p>Vowel sounds found in the 'CVC' pattern such as bag, beg, big.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are long vowels defined?

    <p>They are represented by saying the name of the letter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a diphthong?

    <p>Phoneme where the mouth glides from one vowel sound directly into another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consonant digraph?

    <p>Two consonants together that represent one phoneme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consonant blend?

    <p>A sequence of two or three consonants, each of which is heard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a vowel digraph?

    <p>Two letters together that represent one vowel sound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define onset.

    <p>The beginning consonant sound(s) before the vowel sound in a syllable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rime?

    <p>The vowel sound and any others that follow it in a syllable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a syllable?

    <p>Phoneme(s) that constitute a larger sound unit within a word.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define morphemes.

    <p>Meaning units within a word, including prefixes, suffixes, and base words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Phonics: Connection between speech sounds and their written representations.
    • Orthography: The system of spelling in a language.
    • Phoneme: The smallest unit of sound in speech, represented in slashes (e.g., /k/).
    • Graphemes: Written symbols representing phonemes; for example, "c" in "cat" corresponds to the phoneme /k/.

    Awareness and Skills

    • Phonological Awareness: Recognizing units of speech, including words, syllables, and phonemes.
    • Phonemic Awareness: Understanding that words are composed of individual sounds; involves skills like rhyming, blending, isolating, segmenting, and manipulating sounds.
    • Phoneme Segmentation: Breaking a spoken word into its individual phonemes, essential for phonetic spelling.
    • Phoneme Blending: Combining separate phonemes to form a word, useful for decoding unfamiliar words.

    Reading and Writing Processes

    • Decode: Converting written letters into their corresponding sounds to understand the words; requires recognition from auditory vocabulary.
    • Encode: Translating spoken language into written symbols; involves using letters to represent sounds, akin to invented spelling.
    • Invented Spelling: Writing unfamiliar words based on intuitive sound-letter relationships; also known as developmental or phonetic spelling.
    • Phonemic Markings: Using phonetic symbols between slashes to represent a word's sounds.

    Phoneme Characteristics

    • Consonants: Phonemes produced by partially or completely obstructing airflow.
    • Vowels: Phonemes produced with unobstructed airflow through the mouth.
    • Short Vowels: Follow the CVC pattern (e.g., bag, beg, big).
    • Long Vowels: Sound like the letter names (e.g., bate, bite, boat).
    • R-Controlled Vowel: A vowel followed by an "r" which alters its sound.

    Complex Phonemes and Structures

    • Diphthong: A single phoneme where the mouth glides from one vowel sound to another.
    • Consonant Digraph: Two consonants that produce one phoneme (e.g., "sh" in ship).
    • Consonant Blend: A combination of consonants where each sound is heard (e.g., "st" in step).
    • Vowel Digraph: Two letters representing a single vowel sound (e.g., "ea" in bread).

    Syllable Structure

    • Onset: The consonant sound preceding the vowel in a syllable (e.g., "c" in cat).
    • Rime: The vowel and any following sounds in a syllable (e.g., "at" in cat).
    • Syllable: A sound unit in a word that contains at least one vowel.

    Morphology

    • Morphemes: The smallest units of meaning in a word, including prefixes, suffixes, and root words (e.g., "un" and "happy" in "unhappy").

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    Description

    Learn essential phonics terms through these flashcards. Each card includes a word related to phonics along with its definition, helping you understand the fundamental concepts of sound-letter relationships. Great for educators and students looking to enhance their literacy skills.

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