Phonics Instruction Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is phonics instruction?

Teaches children the relationships between the letters of written language and the individual sounds.

What is a grapheme?

Letter

What is a phoneme?

Sounds

What is the alphabetic principle?

<p>The understanding that there are systematic and predictable relationships between letters and spoken sounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does phonics instruction do?

<p>Teaches children a system for remembering how to read words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the alphabetic system?

<p>Mnemonic device that supports our memory for specific words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does research tell us about phonics instruction?

<p>Systematic and explicit phonics instruction is more effective than non-systematic or no phonics instruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is systematic phonics instruction?

<p>Direct teaching of a set of letter-sound relationships in a clearly defined sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is synthetic phonics?

<p>Children convert letters or letter combinations into sounds, then blend the sounds together to form words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is analogy-based phonics?

<p>Children use parts of word families they know to identify words they don't know that have similar parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is analytic phonics?

<p>Children analyze letter-sound relationships in previously learned words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is phonics through spelling?

<p>Children learn to segment words into phonemes and to make words by writing letters for phonemes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is embedded phonics?

<p>Children are taught letter-sound relationships during the reading of connected text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is onset-rime phonics?

<p>Children learn to identify the sound of the letters before the first vowel in a one-syllable word and the sound of the remaining part of the word.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Systematic and explicit phonics improves word recognition and spelling.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Systematic and explicit phonics is only effective for children from wealthy backgrounds.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Systematic and explicit phonics is particularly beneficial for children with reading difficulties.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phonics instruction is an entire reading program for beginning readers.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of non-systematic programs of phonics instruction exist?

<p>Literature-based programs; basal reading programs; sight word programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phonics instruction helps children learn the relationships between what?

<p>The letters of written language and the sounds of the spoken language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is phonics instruction important?

<p>It leads to an understanding of the alphabetic principle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Programs of phonics instruction are effective when they are?

<p>Systematic and explicit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does systematic mean in phonics instruction?

<p>The plan of instruction includes a carefully selected set of letter-sound relationships that are organized into a logical sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does explicit mean in phonics instruction?

<p>The programs provide teachers with precise directions for the teaching of these relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do effective phonics programs provide?

<p>Ample opportunities for children to apply what they are learning about letters and sounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does systematic and explicit phonics instruction significantly improve?

<p>Children's word recognition, spelling, and reading comprehension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Systematic and explicit phonics instruction is most effective when it begins in kindergarten or first grade.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long should phonics be taught?

<p>About two years for most students.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Phonics Instruction Overview

  • Phonics instruction teaches the connections between letters and sounds in written language.
  • It helps children remember how to read words through systematic methods.

Key Concepts

  • Grapheme: Represents a letter in the writing system.
  • Phoneme: Refers to individual sounds in spoken language.
  • Alphabetic Principle: Understanding systematic relationships between letters and spoken sounds.

Types of Phonics Instruction

  • Systematic Phonics Instruction: Direct teaching of letter-sound relationships in a defined sequence, covering major sound/spelling relationships.
  • Synthetic Phonics: Involves converting letters to sounds and blending them to form words.
  • Analogy-based Phonics: Utilizes known word families to identify unfamiliar words.
  • Analytic Phonics: Analyzes letter-sound relationships in previously learned words without isolating sounds.
  • Phonics Through Spelling: Focuses on segmenting words into phonemes for writing practice.
  • Embedded Phonics: Teaches letter-sound relationships during reading without a systematic approach.
  • Onset-Rime Phonics: Identifies sounds before the first vowel and the rest of the word.

Effectiveness of Phonics Instruction

  • Systematic and explicit phonics instruction yields better outcomes compared to non-systematic approaches.
  • Found to improve word recognition, spelling, and reading comprehension significantly.
  • Benefits children from diverse social and economic backgrounds and especially aids those struggling with reading.

Instructional Characteristics

  • Systematic: Organized set of letter-sound relationships in a logical sequence enhances learning.
  • Explicit: Clear guidance for teachers on how to teach letter-sound relationships is crucial.
  • Instruction is particularly effective when introduced in early grades, such as kindergarten or first grade.

Duration and Application

  • Recommended instruction duration is about two years for most students.
  • Effective programs provide ample opportunities for practical application in reading words, sentences, and stories.

Additional Context

  • Phonics instruction should complement other reading strategies, including phonemic awareness and alphabet practice.
  • Not to be viewed as a standalone reading program; encompasses various teaching methods and activities.

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Test your knowledge of phonics instruction with these flashcards. Learn key terms such as grapheme, phoneme, and the alphabetic principle. Perfect for educators and parents seeking to enhance children's literacy skills.

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