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Questions and Answers
What was the original title of the book that included phonetics?
What was the original title of the book that included phonetics?
In what year was the glossary converted into PDF form and made publicly available?
In what year was the glossary converted into PDF form and made publicly available?
What does the term 'accent' refer to in phonetics?
What does the term 'accent' refer to in phonetics?
Who assisted in converting the glossary into a more modern format using Adobe Flash?
Who assisted in converting the glossary into a more modern format using Adobe Flash?
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What motivated the development of the glossary from the original encyclopedia format?
What motivated the development of the glossary from the original encyclopedia format?
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Which syllable in the word 'potato' is typically accented?
Which syllable in the word 'potato' is typically accented?
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What was the initial fate of the series that included 'Introducing Phonetics'?
What was the initial fate of the series that included 'Introducing Phonetics'?
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What spelling variation was humorously included in the title of 'A Little Encyclopaedia of Phonetics'?
What spelling variation was humorously included in the title of 'A Little Encyclopaedia of Phonetics'?
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What is the primary use of features in phonology?
What is the primary use of features in phonology?
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What is the theoretical minimum number of features needed to create distinctions among phonemes?
What is the theoretical minimum number of features needed to create distinctions among phonemes?
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Which type of feedback involves information about surfaces in the mouth being touched?
Which type of feedback involves information about surfaces in the mouth being touched?
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What can temporarily disable tactile feedback during speech production?
What can temporarily disable tactile feedback during speech production?
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What effect occurs when speakers adjust their speech level in a noisy environment?
What effect occurs when speakers adjust their speech level in a noisy environment?
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Which type of feedback can lead to acute stuttering if delayed?
Which type of feedback can lead to acute stuttering if delayed?
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What mathematical formula determines the number of distinct phonemes based on a set number of features?
What mathematical formula determines the number of distinct phonemes based on a set number of features?
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Which feedback type is associated with movements in muscles and joints during speech production?
Which feedback type is associated with movements in muscles and joints during speech production?
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What is the area next to the tip of the tongue called, and what is its primary function?
What is the area next to the tip of the tongue called, and what is its primary function?
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What term is used to describe sequences of two or more consonants within the same syllable?
What term is used to describe sequences of two or more consonants within the same syllable?
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What is the main challenge associated with the concept of boundaries in phonetics?
What is the main challenge associated with the concept of boundaries in phonetics?
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Which phenomenon occurs when adjacent phonemes merge, seemingly happening simultaneously?
Which phenomenon occurs when adjacent phonemes merge, seemingly happening simultaneously?
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Which type of brackets is traditionally used for phonetic transcription?
Which type of brackets is traditionally used for phonetic transcription?
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In the word 'Mum', what characteristic is influenced by coarticulation?
In the word 'Mum', what characteristic is influenced by coarticulation?
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What does the breath-group in speech indicate?
What does the breath-group in speech indicate?
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What typically happens to the pronunciation of the 't' in the phrase 'you too' due to coarticulation?
What typically happens to the pronunciation of the 't' in the phrase 'you too' due to coarticulation?
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How does coarticulation differ from assimilation?
How does coarticulation differ from assimilation?
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Which transcription uses slant brackets?
Which transcription uses slant brackets?
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Which of the following words contains a consonant cluster?
Which of the following words contains a consonant cluster?
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What is ambisyllabicity related to?
What is ambisyllabicity related to?
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What can be a result of the soft palate being lowered during the pronunciation of 'Mum'?
What can be a result of the soft palate being lowered during the pronunciation of 'Mum'?
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What is one feature that can complicate identifying boundaries in speech?
What is one feature that can complicate identifying boundaries in speech?
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What punctuation is commonly used to mark the end of a written sentence?
What punctuation is commonly used to mark the end of a written sentence?
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Which term is NOT commonly used to refer to sequences of vowels?
Which term is NOT commonly used to refer to sequences of vowels?
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What purpose does final lengthening serve in speech?
What purpose does final lengthening serve in speech?
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Which of the following characteristics describes a flap in phonetics?
Which of the following characteristics describes a flap in phonetics?
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In the context of rhythm in speech, what is a 'foot'?
In the context of rhythm in speech, what is a 'foot'?
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How do speakers typically respond to their audience during a dialogue?
How do speakers typically respond to their audience during a dialogue?
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What happens to final syllables in the calculation of average syllable durations in speech research?
What happens to final syllables in the calculation of average syllable durations in speech research?
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Which of the following is a likely outcome of a lack of feedback in a dialogue?
Which of the following is a likely outcome of a lack of feedback in a dialogue?
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What is the produced articulation of a flap often influenced by?
What is the produced articulation of a flap often influenced by?
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Why is the claim that normal speech consists of regularly repeated patterns of syllables considered controversial?
Why is the claim that normal speech consists of regularly repeated patterns of syllables considered controversial?
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Study Notes
Accent
- The word "accent" can refer to the prominence given to a syllable, often achieved through pitch changes.
- For example, in the word "potato," the middle syllable ("ta") receives the most emphasis.
Boundary
- The concept of a boundary is crucial in phonetics and phonology.
- It helps determine where one sound ends and another begins, which can be complex due to the gradual transitions between sounds.
- Boundaries also play a role in syllable division and the identification of intonation units.
Brackets
- Square brackets ([]) are conventionally used for phonetic transcription, while slant brackets (/) are used for phonemic transcription.
- Examples:
- /fənetiks/ (phonemic transcription)
- [fənethɪʔks] (phonetic transcription)
Breath-Group
- Continuous speech can be divided into smaller units called breath-groups, identified by pauses for breathing.
- Analogous to sentences in written language, breath-groups offer a framework for analyzing spoken language.
Cluster
- A cluster refers to a sequence of two or more consonants within the same syllable.
- Examples:
- "stray" (streɪ) begins with three consonants.
- "sixths" (sɪksθs) ends with four consonants.
Coalescence
- Sound boundaries are rarely distinct, and adjacent phonemes can sometimes blend together (coalesce).
- One example is "yod-coalescence," where a sound preceding "j" becomes palatalized.
- "this year" (ðɪʃʃɪə or ðɪʃɪə)
Coarticulation
- Coarticulation refers to the influence of nearby sounds on the pronunciation of a specific sound.
- For instance, the nasalization of vowels in the presence of nasal consonants is due to coarticulation.
- Similarly, the lip-rounding of consonants in the environment of rounded vowels is another example.
Feedback
- Speech production is regulated by the brain, which receives feedback on the process through various senses.
- Tactile feedback: Provides information about contact between tongue, palate, and lips.
- Kinaesthetic feedback: Provides information about muscle and joint movements.
- Auditory feedback: Delivers information about sounds produced, either externally or through bone conduction.
Final Lengthening
- Syllables before a pause or break tend to be lengthened, particularly the final one or two.
- This lengthening is noticeable perceptually and aids listeners in anticipating the end of an utterance.
Flap
- This is a type of consonant sound similar to a tap, typically voiced.
- It is produced by curling the tongue tip back, then striking the alveolar ridge as the tongue descends.
- This sound, symbolized by ɽ, is common in languages with retroflex consonants, such as Indian languages.
Foot
- A foot is a rhythmic unit used in the study of verse meter and speech.
- In English, a foot typically consists of one stressed syllable followed by any unstressed syllables.
- The next foot starts with the next stressed syllable.
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Description
Test your understanding of key phonetic concepts such as accent, boundaries, transcription methods, and breath-groups. This quiz covers essential terms that are crucial for analyzing speech and phonological structures. Explore the intricacies of phonetics and enhance your linguistic skills!
