Phonetics Errors: London Pilot Study

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Questions and Answers

What type of error is described in the London pilot study?

Assimilation (correct)

Substitution

Omission

Addition

What happens to a consonant in assimilation?

It is influenced by a nearby sound (correct)

It is deleted from the word

It is added to a different word

It is replaced by a different sound

What is an example of assimilation given in the text?

/k/ realised as /t/

/ks/ realised as /gd/

/ks/ realised as /kd/ (correct)

/b/ realised as /p/

What is the result of assimilation on the word 'box'?

/box/ becomes /kd/ Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the sounds that are involved in assimilation?

They are in the same word Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of inserting a sound into a word, as illustrated in the example?

Syllable epenthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the original word used to illustrate syllable epenthesis in the example?

Aeroplane Signup and view all the answers

What is the sound inserted into the original word in the example?

/a/ Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of syllable epenthesis in the example?

A change in the word's pronunciation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of syllable epenthesis in language?

To make words easier to pronounce Signup and view all the answers

What happens to /t/ when it comes before the emphatics /t̄, d̄, s̄, Δ̄, z̄/?

/t/ is assimilated to the emphatics Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of /d̄/ before /t̄/?

/d̄/ is assimilated to /t̄/ resulting in a double /t̄/ Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the consonants in the words аﺿطراب, аﺗﺿﺑط, аﺗﺻور?

The consonants are assimilated and doubled Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the assimilation of /t/ to the emphatics /t̄, d̄, s̄, Δ̄, z̄/?

A double /t̄/ Signup and view all the answers

What is the pattern of consonant change in the given examples?

/t/ to /t̄/ and /d̄/ to /t̄/ Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the /t/ sound when it comes before /d/ in voicing assimilation?

It becomes voiced Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of voicing assimilation on the pronunciation of the word?

The sound changes, but the word's meaning remains the same Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the sounds /t/ and /d/ in voicing assimilation?

One is a voiced version of the other Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of voicing assimilation on the sounds /t/ and /d/ in the given example?

The /t/ sound changes to /d/ Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process described in the given example?

Voicing assimilation Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible ways an utterance can start in Saudi-Arabic?

With a glottal stop, a vowel, or a consonant cluster Signup and view all the answers

Which phoneme is optional in Saudi-Arabic?

The glottal phoneme Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the glottal stop  in Saudi-Arabic?

It is an optional phoneme at the start of an utterance Signup and view all the answers

What can follow a glottal stop at the start of a Saudi-Arabic utterance?

Either a vowel or a consonant cluster Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the consonant cluster in Saudi-Arabic utterances?

It can start the utterance Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definitions of Errors

Assimilation refers to the process where a consonant changes its manner or place of articulation to match another sound in the same word, e.g., "box" (/) realised as / (/).

Syllable Epenthesis

Syllable epenthesis is the insertion of a sound or syllable within a word, e.g., "aeroplane" (/) produced as /.

Saudi-Arabic Phonology

In Saudi-Arabic, the glottal phoneme // is optional, and an utterance can start with a glottal stop //, a vowel, or a consonant cluster.
/t/ assimilates to emphatic consonants /t, d, s, , z/, resulting in doubling of the emphatics.

Assimilation Examples

/d/ assimilates to /t/ before /t/, resulting in a double /t/.
Examples include ‫ اﺿطراب‬،‫ اﺗﺿﺑط‬،‫اﺗﺻور‬, and // becoming //.
/d/ assimilates to /t/ in words like // becoming /.