Phonetics and Phonology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a place of articulation used in English consonants?

  • Glottal
  • Labiodental
  • Uvular (correct)
  • Palatal

What is the primary airstream mechanism used for producing English speech sounds?

  • Glottalic
  • Pharyngeal
  • Pulmonic (correct)
  • Velaric

Which of these is an example of a plosive sound?

  • /j/
  • /ʃ/
  • /w/
  • /d/ (correct)

Which type of sound involves air escaping through the nose?

<p>Nasal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the sounds /p/ and /b/?

<p>Voicing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the tongue does the /l/ sound use?

<p>Tip (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the sounds produced by the vocal cords?

<p>Phonation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the sound /h/?

<p>It's a fricative sound. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which set of articulators is considered 'passive'?

<p>Upper lip, teeth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary goal of the second section, focusing on LO2/3?

<p>Focusing on knowledge recall and transcription (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key difference distinguishes the question types in the first section compared to the second?

<p>The first section emphasizes factual recall, while the second section requires applying knowledge. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is MOST likely characteristic of a question from the first section?

<p>Describe the differences between the two transcriptions provided, focusing on pronunciation variations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of learning outcome is primarily assessed in the first section?

<p>Knowledge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a probable strategy for answering a question from the second section?

<p>Using provided data to calculate a solution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between LO1 and LO2/3 in this context?

<p>LO1 is a prerequisite for successfully completing LO2/3. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of questions in the second section?

<p>Asking students to transcribe a passage from a specific source. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a voiceless nasal sound?

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in articulation between the sounds in 'Pit' and 'spit'?

<p>The aspiration of the /p/ sound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of sounds includes both voiced and voiceless forms?

<p>Plosive (A), Fricative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature differentiates sounds where airflow is not completely obstructed?

<p>[±continuant] (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples includes a voiced sound?

<p>/d/ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the mental representation of the sound in phonology?

<p>Phoneme (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sound is an example of an affricate?

<p>/dÊ’/ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sounds is categorized as an obstruent?

<p>/Ê’/ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true for all approximant sounds?

<p>They are voiced (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

LO1 - Knowledge

Learning Outcome 1 focuses on knowledge acquisition and understanding.

Short Answer Questions

Questions requiring brief, specific responses, often in written format.

Transcription

The process of converting spoken language into written text.

Pronunciation Differences

Variations in how words are spoken across different accents or dialects.

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LO2 - Problem Solving

Learning Outcome 2 focuses on using knowledge to solve problems.

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LO3 - Data Analysis

Learning Outcome 3 emphasizes analyzing and interpreting data.

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Explanation of Differences

Clarifying how two or more items are distinct from each other.

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Phonetic

The study of speech sounds, grounded in physical aspects.

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Phonology

The study of how speech sounds are organized mentally.

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Vowels in English

Speech sounds classified by height and backness (e.g. close, open).

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Airstream mechanism

The airflow source used to produce speech sounds, mainly from lungs.

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Articulators

The parts involved in producing speech sounds, active or passive.

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Places of Articulation

Where in the vocal tract sounds are produced (e.g. bilabial, dental).

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Manner of Articulation

How airflow is manipulated to produce different sounds (e.g. plosive, nasal).

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Voicing

Refers to whether vocal cords vibrate during consonant production.

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Active vs. Passive Articulators

Active articulators move (e.g. tongue); passive do not (e.g. upper lip).

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Voiceless Sounds

Sounds produced without vocal cord vibration, e.g., /p, t, k/.

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Voiced Sounds

Sounds produced with vocal cord vibration, e.g., /b, d, g/.

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Plosive Sounds

Consonants made by stopping airflow, e.g., /p, t, k/.

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Nasal Sounds

Consonants produced with airflow through the nose, e.g., /m, n, Å‹/.

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Sonorants

Sounds that are naturally voiced with an open vocal tract, e.g., vowels.

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Obstruents

Sounds that do not have spontaneous voicing; involve constricted airflow, e.g., stops and fricatives.

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Continuity in Sounds

Distinguishes sounds with continuous airflow from those with complete closure.

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Allophones

Variations of a phoneme that do not change meaning, e.g., [ph] in 'pit'.

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Velarized L vs. Palatalized L

Different pronunciations of L due to tongue placement; velarized L touches soft palate, palatalized L touches hard palate.

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Study Notes

Phonetics and Phonology

  • Phonetics studies speech sounds physically.
  • Phonology studies how speech sounds are organized mentally.
  • Vowels are categorized by height (high, mid, low) and position (front, central, back).
  • There are 44 phonemes in Received Pronunciation.
  • Consonant sounds are categorized by place of articulation (bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, post-alveolar, retroflex, palatal, velar, glottal) and manner of articulation (plosive, nasal, fricative, affricate, approximant, lateral approximant, glottal stop).

Airstream Mechanism

  • Pulmonic egressive airstream is the most common way to produce English speech.
  • Lungs are the primary source of air for speech.
  • Tongue and soft palate also help shape sounds.
  • Vocal cords in the larynx control voicing.
  • Speech organs include the throat (pharynx), mouth (oral cavity), and nose (nasal cavity).

Articulatory System

  • Active articulators move (lips, tongue).
  • Passive articulators do not move (teeth, alveolar ridge, hard and soft palate, uvula).
  • Vocal cords are part of the phonatory system.

Syllable Structure

  • Syllables have an onset (consonant(s) before the nucleus), nucleus (vowel sound), and coda (consonant(s) after the nucleus.)
  • Building a syllable involves: Projecting a nucleus, building a core syllable, and adding codas.

Voicing

  • Voicing refers to the vibration of vocal cords.
  • Voiced sounds involve vibrating vocal cords (e.g., /b/, /d/).
  • Voiceless sounds do not involve vibrating vocal cords (e.g., /p/, /t/).
  • Voicing is an important feature in distinguishing similar consonant sounds.

Distinguishing Similar Sounds

  • Eels and Lees use different locations of the tongue for the L sound.
  • Similar sounds in different words are pronounced differently. This has to do with aspiration [ph]

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