Phlebotomy Steps in Drawing Blood
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of discussing the procedure with the patient before drawing blood?

  • To identify the vein to be used
  • To confirm patient identify and tests being drawn (correct)
  • To gather needed supplies
  • To clean the area with an alcohol wipe

    • What is the most common vein used for drawing blood?

  • Brachial vein
  • Median basilic vein
  • Median cephalic vein
  • Antecubital fossa (correct)

    • What is the angle at which the beveled needle is inserted into the vessel?

  • 45-degree angle
  • 90-degree angle
  • 30-degree angle (correct)
  • 15-degree angle

    • What symptom is commonly associated with Renal Failure?

    <p>Fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)?

    <p>Frequent urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of Diabetes?

    <p>A metabolic disorder with high blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom can be an indication of kidney damage or disease?

    <p>Presence of proteins in urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the atria in the heart?

    <p>Receiving blood into the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the genetic disorder that impairs blood clotting?

    <p>Hemophilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ureters in the urinary system?

    <p>Transporting urine from kidneys to the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition where there is a buildup of plaque in the arteries?

    <p>Atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

    <p>Filtering waste from blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a clinical laboratory technician?

    <p>Conducting laboratory tests on bodily fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bacterial infection that can occur in the urinary system?

    <p>Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a phlebotomist?

    <p>Collecting blood samples from patients for laboratory testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hormone detected in pregnancy tests?

    <p>Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a Radiologist?

    <p>Provides diagnostic reports to referring physicians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct pathway of blood through the circulatory system?

    <p>Artery --&gt; arteriole --&gt; capillary --&gt; venule --&gt; vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of arteries?

    <p>Thicker walls than veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a White Blood Cell?

    <p>Leukocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal hematocrit level?

    <p>45% blood to 55% plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to aged red blood cells?

    <p>They are primarily destroyed in the spleen and liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a dark yellow color in urine indicate?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of arteries?

    <p>Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body's tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a blood vessel getting smaller?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mineral necessary for normal hemoglobin production?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiation is used in X-rays and CT scans?

    <p>ionizing radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of injecting a small amount of radioactive glucose in a PET scan?

    <p>To track where glucose is being used in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging method uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of a typical MRI scan?

    <p>45 minutes - 1 hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging method is used to diagnose breast cancer?

    <p>Mammogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't MRI scans be used on individuals with metal in their body?

    <p>Metal is affected by the strong magnetic fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an Echocardiogram?

    <p>To examine the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging method uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of a typical PET scan?

    <p>1.5 - 2 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a mammogram for women between 40 and 44?

    <p>To start screening every year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Phlebotomy Steps

    • Discuss with the patient what you will be doing and why, and confirm patient name and tests being drawn.
    • Identify the vein that will be used, with the most common being the antecubital fossa, but also including the median cephalic and median basilic veins.
    • Gather needed supplies, perform proper hand washing techniques, and put on gloves.
    • Place a tourniquet and clean the area for 30 seconds with an alcohol wipe.
    • Insert the beveled needle at a 30-degree angle into the vessel, and once blood is seen in the tubing, connect the vacutainers or use a syringe to drawback.
    • Properly label the tubes and send them to the laboratory for analysis.
    • Clean up the space and ensure all sharps are placed in a properly labeled sharps container.

    Renal and Urinary Tract Disorders

    • Renal Failure: decreased kidney function leading to inability to filter waste products from blood, symptoms include fatigue, swelling, and changes in urination frequency.
    • Kidney Stones: hard deposits formed in the kidneys from minerals and salts, symptoms include severe pain in the back, side, or lower abdomen, nausea, and blood in urine.
    • Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): bacterial infection in the urinary tract, symptoms include frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, cloudy or bloody urine.
    • Diabetes: metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels, can lead to kidney-related complications, symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss.
    • Pregnancy: pregnant women are prone to urinary tract infections due to hormonal changes and pressure on the bladder, symptoms include frequent urination, discomfort or pain during urination, and cloudy or bloody urine.

    Diagnostic Factors

    • Ketones: high levels of blood acids, indicate increased fat metabolism, potentially due to diabetes or fasting, or insufficient insulin in the body to help cells use sugar for energy.
    • Proteins: presence in urine may indicate kidney damage or disease, or dehydration, infection, or certain medications.
    • Glucose: presence in urine may indicate high blood sugar levels, often seen in uncontrolled diabetes, can indicate gestational diabetes during pregnancy.
    • hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin): presence indicates pregnancy, used in pregnancy tests to detect early signs of pregnancy.
    • Patient History: provides insights into past medical conditions, medications, lifestyle habits, and family history, helps in understanding potential risk factors and underlying causes of current symptoms.
    • Vital Signs: blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, abnormal vital signs may indicate systemic issues or organ dysfunction.
    • Color and Odor: changes in urine can provide clues about hydration levels, dietary habits, and certain medical conditions, e.g. dark urine may indicate dehydration, while foul-smelling urine may indicate infection.

    Anatomy of the Heart

    • Atria: upper chambers of the heart receiving blood.
    • Ventricles: lower chambers pumping blood out of the heart.
    • Blood Vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries.
    • Blood: plasma, cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets).

    Conditions

    • Anemia: decreased red blood cell count or hemoglobin levels.
    • Leukemia: cancer of the blood-forming tissues, including bone marrow.
    • Hemophilia: genetic disorder impairing blood clotting.
    • Sickle Cell Anemia: inherited disorder causing abnormal hemoglobin production.
    • Atherosclerosis: buildup of plaque in the arteries, narrowing blood flow.

    Urinary System

    • Kidneys: filter waste from blood, regulate electrolyte balance and blood pressure.
    • Ureters: tubes that transport urine from kidneys to the bladder.
    • Bladder: stores urine.
    • Urethra: tube through which urine exits the body.

    Conditions

    • UTI (Urinary Tract Infection): bacterial infection in the urinary system.
    • Kidney Stones: hard deposits formed in the kidneys.
    • Renal Failure: decreased kidney function leading to waste buildup in the body.

    Healthcare Professionals

    • Clinical Laboratory Technician: conducts laboratory tests on blood, tissues, and other bodily fluids, prepares specimens, analyzes results, and reports findings to medical staff.
    • Pharmacist: dispenses medications prescribed by physicians and provides patient education on medication use, reviews prescriptions for accuracy and potential drug interactions.
    • Pharmacy Technician: assists pharmacists in dispensing medications and managing inventory, processes prescriptions, labels medication, and handles customer inquiries.
    • Diagnostic and Imaging Services: Phlebotomist, Radiologist, and Radiographer.

    Circulatory System

    • The correct pathway of blood through the circulatory system is: artery --> arteriole --> capillary --> venule --> vein.
    • Arteries: carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body's tissues.
    • Veins: carry oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart.
    • Capillaries: tiny blood vessels where gas exchange occurs.

    Blood Components

    • Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell): carries oxygen to the body's tissues.
    • Leukocyte (White Blood Cell): part of the immune system.
    • Thrombocyte (Platelet): involved in blood clotting.
    • Plasma: liquid portion of blood containing water, proteins, and other solutes.

    Imaging Methods

    • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of organs and tissues.
    • Computed Tomography (CT Scan): uses a series of x-rays to create cross-sections of the inside of the body.
    • X-Ray: produces images of the structures inside the body, especially bones.
    • Ultrasound: uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of organs and structures.
    • Positron Emission Tomography (PET): uses a small amount of radioactive glucose to produce images of organs and tissues.
    • Mammogram: X-ray picture of the breast.
    • Echocardiogram: uses ultrasound to examine the heart.

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    Description

    Learn the steps involved in drawing blood, including preparing the patient, identifying the vein, gathering supplies, and performing the procedure. Test your knowledge of phlebotomy techniques and best practices.

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