Non-Blood Specimens Quiz and Flashcards for Laboratory Testing

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of collecting the second morning urine specimen after fasting?

To assess kidney function

To monitor glucose levels after a meal

To collect a more concentrated urine sample

To remove remnants of food from the last meal (correct)

What type of urine specimen is collected at specific times or pooled throughout a specific time period?

Timed urine specimen (correct)

Random urine specimen

Fasting urine specimen

First morning specimen

Why is the first morning urine specimen considered the most concentrated sample?

Because it has a higher specific gravity (correct)

Because it is collected after a meal

Because it is collected randomly

Because it is collected after fasting

What is the purpose of collecting urine specimens at specific times during a glucose tolerance test?

To monitor blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What type of urine specimen is collected after an overnight fast?

First morning specimen Signup and view all the answers

Why is the fasting urine specimen collected after the first morning specimen?

To remove remnants of food from the last meal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a phlebotomist in specimen collection?

Labeling or transporting the specimens to the laboratory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of non-blood specimen?

Blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the most frequently analyzed non-blood body fluid?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of labeling a specimen?

To indicate the type and source of the specimen Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to observe standard precautions when handling non-blood specimens?

To prevent exposure to potentially infectious substances Signup and view all the answers

What can urine analysis aid in, according to the text?

Monitoring wellness, diagnosis of UTI, and detection of metabolic disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a lactose tolerance test?

Detect bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

How often are breath samples taken during a lactose tolerance test?

Every 30 minutes for 3 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum amount of feces required for a stool specimen?

5 g of feces Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of collecting parts of the stool specimen that contain blood, mucus, or pus?

To detect occult blood Signup and view all the answers

Why is hair used for drug detection?

It shows evidence of chronic drug use rather than recent use Signup and view all the answers

Why should tissues for genetic analysis not be put in formalin?

It can ruin the tissue specimen Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a 2-hour postprandial test in patients with diabetes mellitus?

To monitor the effectiveness of insulin therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended procedure for collecting a 24-hour urine specimen?

Collect all urine voided for the next 24 hours, starting with an empty bladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of refrigerating the 24-hour urine specimen throughout the collection period?

To prevent bacterial contamination of the specimen Signup and view all the answers

How often should a patient with diabetes mellitus undergo a 2-hour postprandial test?

As needed Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a 2-hour postprandial test result in patients with diabetes mellitus?

It evaluates the effectiveness of insulin therapy Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to collect a urine specimen before an anticipated bowel movement in a 24-hour urine collection procedure?

To prevent contamination of the specimen Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal temperature for transporting NP and OP swabs if the transport time is less than or equal to 72 hours?

4°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of collecting saliva in forensic investigations?

To detect alcohol and drug abuse Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method of collecting semen for fertility assessment?

Masturbation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of collecting synovial fluid?

To identify or differentiate arthritis, gout, and other inflammatory conditions Signup and view all the answers

How is sweat typically collected for a chloride test?

By iontophoresis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of collecting buccal swabs?

To obtain cells for DNA analysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of collecting bone marrow aspirate?

To detect and identify blood diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal volume of sputum required for laboratory testing?

3-5 mL Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of collecting serous fluid?

To detect the presence of fluid in various bodily cavities Signup and view all the answers

How are NP and OP swabs typically stored during transport?

On wet ice or refrigerant gel-packs Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Urine Specimens

Random urine specimen: collected at any time, but not as concentrated as first morning specimen
First morning/8-hour specimen: collected in the morning after 8 hours of sleep, most concentrated sample, higher specific gravity
Fasting (second morning) specimen: collected after fasting, used for glucose monitoring

Handling and Processing of Non-Blood Specimens

Non-blood specimens: liquid or semiliquid substances produced by the body, found within various organs and body spaces
Examples: urine, CSF, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid, serous fluids, saliva, bone marrow aspirate, breath samples, tissue specimens, feces/stool
Roles of the phlebotomist: specimen collection, giving instruction, labeling, and transporting the specimens to the laboratory

Urine Analysis

Most frequently analyzed non-blood body fluid
Readily available, easy to collect, and inexpensive to test
Analysis aids in: monitoring wellness, diagnosis and treatment of UTI, detection and monitoring of metabolic disease, determining effectiveness of therapy

Feces/Stool Analysis

Evaluation of gastrointestinal disorders
Stool specimens can be: evaluated for presence of intestinal parasites and eggs, checked for fat and urobilinogen content, cultured to detect presence of pathogenic bacteria and viruses, tested for presence of occult blood

Hair Analysis

Used for trace and heavy metal analysis, detection of drugs of abuse
Easy to obtain and cannot be altered or tampered with, shows evidence of chronic drug use rather than recent use

Tissue Specimens

From biopsies, used for genetic analysis
Preservative: formalin or another suitable solution
Improper handling can ruin a specimen

Timed Urine Specimens

Tolerance test specimen: collected at specific times, corresponds with the timing of blood collection
2-hour post-prandial specimen: collected 2 hours after a meal, tested for glucose to monitor insulin therapy of patients with diabetes mellitus
24-hour specimen: collected and pooled urine voided in 24 hours, used for quantitative analysis

Other Specimens

Saliva: used to monitor hormone levels, detect alcohol and drug abuse
Semen: sperm-containing fluid, used to assess fertility, examined for forensic purposes
Serous fluid: pale-yellow, watery fluid found between the double-layered membranes enclosing the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities
Sputum: mucus and phlegm ejected from the trachea, bronchi, and lungs, used for diagnosis or monitoring of lower respiratory tract infections
Sweat: used for sweat chloride test, detection of illegal drug use
Synovial fluid: clear, pale-yellow, viscous fluid found in movable joints, used to identify or differentiate arthritis, gout, and other inflammatory conditions
Buccal (cheek) swab: used for DNA analysis, less invasive alternative to blood collection
Bone marrow aspirate: site of blood cell production, examined to detect and identify blood diseases
Breath samples: used for lactose tolerance test, detection of bacterial overgrowth in small intestine

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Description

This quiz covers the different types of non-blood specimens collected for laboratory testing, including urine, CSF, amniotic fluid, and more. It also touches on the roles of phlebotomists in specimen collection. Test your knowledge of these important medical specimens!

Non-Blood Specimens for Laboratory Testing