Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of collecting the second morning urine specimen after fasting?
What is the purpose of collecting the second morning urine specimen after fasting?
What type of urine specimen is collected at specific times or pooled throughout a specific time period?
What type of urine specimen is collected at specific times or pooled throughout a specific time period?
Why is the first morning urine specimen considered the most concentrated sample?
Why is the first morning urine specimen considered the most concentrated sample?
What is the purpose of collecting urine specimens at specific times during a glucose tolerance test?
What is the purpose of collecting urine specimens at specific times during a glucose tolerance test?
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What type of urine specimen is collected after an overnight fast?
What type of urine specimen is collected after an overnight fast?
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Why is the fasting urine specimen collected after the first morning specimen?
Why is the fasting urine specimen collected after the first morning specimen?
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What is the primary role of a phlebotomist in specimen collection?
What is the primary role of a phlebotomist in specimen collection?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of non-blood specimen?
Which of the following is NOT a type of non-blood specimen?
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What is the most frequently analyzed non-blood body fluid?
What is the most frequently analyzed non-blood body fluid?
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What is the purpose of labeling a specimen?
What is the purpose of labeling a specimen?
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Why is it essential to observe standard precautions when handling non-blood specimens?
Why is it essential to observe standard precautions when handling non-blood specimens?
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What can urine analysis aid in, according to the text?
What can urine analysis aid in, according to the text?
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What is the purpose of a lactose tolerance test?
What is the purpose of a lactose tolerance test?
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How often are breath samples taken during a lactose tolerance test?
How often are breath samples taken during a lactose tolerance test?
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What is the minimum amount of feces required for a stool specimen?
What is the minimum amount of feces required for a stool specimen?
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What is the purpose of collecting parts of the stool specimen that contain blood, mucus, or pus?
What is the purpose of collecting parts of the stool specimen that contain blood, mucus, or pus?
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Why is hair used for drug detection?
Why is hair used for drug detection?
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Why should tissues for genetic analysis not be put in formalin?
Why should tissues for genetic analysis not be put in formalin?
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What is the purpose of a 2-hour postprandial test in patients with diabetes mellitus?
What is the purpose of a 2-hour postprandial test in patients with diabetes mellitus?
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What is the recommended procedure for collecting a 24-hour urine specimen?
What is the recommended procedure for collecting a 24-hour urine specimen?
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What is the purpose of refrigerating the 24-hour urine specimen throughout the collection period?
What is the purpose of refrigerating the 24-hour urine specimen throughout the collection period?
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How often should a patient with diabetes mellitus undergo a 2-hour postprandial test?
How often should a patient with diabetes mellitus undergo a 2-hour postprandial test?
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What is the significance of a 2-hour postprandial test result in patients with diabetes mellitus?
What is the significance of a 2-hour postprandial test result in patients with diabetes mellitus?
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Why is it important to collect a urine specimen before an anticipated bowel movement in a 24-hour urine collection procedure?
Why is it important to collect a urine specimen before an anticipated bowel movement in a 24-hour urine collection procedure?
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What is the ideal temperature for transporting NP and OP swabs if the transport time is less than or equal to 72 hours?
What is the ideal temperature for transporting NP and OP swabs if the transport time is less than or equal to 72 hours?
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What is the purpose of collecting saliva in forensic investigations?
What is the purpose of collecting saliva in forensic investigations?
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What is the recommended method of collecting semen for fertility assessment?
What is the recommended method of collecting semen for fertility assessment?
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What is the primary purpose of collecting synovial fluid?
What is the primary purpose of collecting synovial fluid?
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How is sweat typically collected for a chloride test?
How is sweat typically collected for a chloride test?
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What is the purpose of collecting buccal swabs?
What is the purpose of collecting buccal swabs?
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What is the primary purpose of collecting bone marrow aspirate?
What is the primary purpose of collecting bone marrow aspirate?
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What is the ideal volume of sputum required for laboratory testing?
What is the ideal volume of sputum required for laboratory testing?
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What is the purpose of collecting serous fluid?
What is the purpose of collecting serous fluid?
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How are NP and OP swabs typically stored during transport?
How are NP and OP swabs typically stored during transport?
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Study Notes
Types of Urine Specimens
- Random urine specimen: collected at any time, but not as concentrated as first morning specimen
- First morning/8-hour specimen: collected in the morning after 8 hours of sleep, most concentrated sample, higher specific gravity
- Fasting (second morning) specimen: collected after fasting, used for glucose monitoring
Handling and Processing of Non-Blood Specimens
- Non-blood specimens: liquid or semiliquid substances produced by the body, found within various organs and body spaces
- Examples: urine, CSF, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid, serous fluids, saliva, bone marrow aspirate, breath samples, tissue specimens, feces/stool
- Roles of the phlebotomist: specimen collection, giving instruction, labeling, and transporting the specimens to the laboratory
Urine Analysis
- Most frequently analyzed non-blood body fluid
- Readily available, easy to collect, and inexpensive to test
- Analysis aids in: monitoring wellness, diagnosis and treatment of UTI, detection and monitoring of metabolic disease, determining effectiveness of therapy
Feces/Stool Analysis
- Evaluation of gastrointestinal disorders
- Stool specimens can be: evaluated for presence of intestinal parasites and eggs, checked for fat and urobilinogen content, cultured to detect presence of pathogenic bacteria and viruses, tested for presence of occult blood
Hair Analysis
- Used for trace and heavy metal analysis, detection of drugs of abuse
- Easy to obtain and cannot be altered or tampered with, shows evidence of chronic drug use rather than recent use
Tissue Specimens
- From biopsies, used for genetic analysis
- Preservative: formalin or another suitable solution
- Improper handling can ruin a specimen
Timed Urine Specimens
- Tolerance test specimen: collected at specific times, corresponds with the timing of blood collection
- 2-hour post-prandial specimen: collected 2 hours after a meal, tested for glucose to monitor insulin therapy of patients with diabetes mellitus
- 24-hour specimen: collected and pooled urine voided in 24 hours, used for quantitative analysis
Other Specimens
- Saliva: used to monitor hormone levels, detect alcohol and drug abuse
- Semen: sperm-containing fluid, used to assess fertility, examined for forensic purposes
- Serous fluid: pale-yellow, watery fluid found between the double-layered membranes enclosing the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities
- Sputum: mucus and phlegm ejected from the trachea, bronchi, and lungs, used for diagnosis or monitoring of lower respiratory tract infections
- Sweat: used for sweat chloride test, detection of illegal drug use
- Synovial fluid: clear, pale-yellow, viscous fluid found in movable joints, used to identify or differentiate arthritis, gout, and other inflammatory conditions
- Buccal (cheek) swab: used for DNA analysis, less invasive alternative to blood collection
- Bone marrow aspirate: site of blood cell production, examined to detect and identify blood diseases
- Breath samples: used for lactose tolerance test, detection of bacterial overgrowth in small intestine
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Description
This quiz covers the different types of non-blood specimens collected for laboratory testing, including urine, CSF, amniotic fluid, and more. It also touches on the roles of phlebotomists in specimen collection. Test your knowledge of these important medical specimens!