Phlebotomy Module 4: Anatomy and Venipuncture
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the systemic system?

  • To produce white blood cells
  • To carry oxygenated blood from the heart through the body and deoxygenated blood back to the heart (correct)
  • To filter waste products from the blood
  • To provide structural support to the body
  • Which type of vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the heart?

  • Artery
  • Vein (correct)
  • Capillary
  • Lymphatic vessel
  • What is the function of white blood cells (WBCs)?

  • To carry oxygen throughout the body
  • To filter and remove waste from the body
  • To provide immunity and protect the body (correct)
  • To produce marrow cells
  • What is the smallest type of vein called?

    <p>Venule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system's functions include filtration, reabsorption, and secretion?

    <p>Urinary system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscles are included in the muscular system?

    <p>Cardiac, skeletal, and visceral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the female reproductive system?

    <p>Procreation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system functions in communication and body control?

    <p>Brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the pulmonary system?

    <p>Carrying deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for a red blood cell?

    <p>Erythrocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is responsible for gas exchange and transport?

    <p>Respiratory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell is primarily responsible for blood clotting?

    <p>Platelet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the sinoatrial (SA) node initiate?

    <p>Heart contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

    <p>Artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complete contraction and relaxation of the heart called?

    <p>Cardiac cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the formed elements found in blood?

    <p>Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which site is primarily used for venipuncture?

    <p>Antecubital fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a semisolid gel composed of clumps of RBCs in fibrin called?

    <p>Blood clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood vessel connects arterioles and venules?

    <p>Capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system's primary function is to provide a barrier between the body and the external environment?

    <p>Integumentary system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the heart in the circulatory system?

    <p>Transporting gases and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of the endocrine system?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of coagulation?

    <p>The process of turning blood into a semisolid gel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes hemostasis?

    <p>The process of stopping bleeding and repairing blood vessels after injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is responsible for regulating the biological functions of the body through the secretion of hormones?

    <p>Endocrine system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the circulatory system?

    <p>Eliminating undigested food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemostasis disorders can include which of the following?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anatomy

    • Study of the structure of an organism, including bones and organs.

    Circulatory System

    • Made up of the heart and blood vessels (aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, and vena cava).
    • Functions include transporting gases, nutrients, waste, and hormones, protecting against infections, and regulating body temperature.

    Blood

    • Liquid connective tissue composed of fluid (plasma) and formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets).

    Blood Vessel

    • Tubular structure that carries blood throughout the body, including arteries, veins, and capillaries.

    Body Systems

    • Related structures and organs that work together to perform specific functions.

    Cardiac Cycle

    • Complete contraction and relaxation of the heart.

    Coagulation

    • Process that turns blood into a semisolid gel.

    Digestive System

    • Made up of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.
    • Functions include ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.

    Endocrine System

    • Made up of the thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, sex and adrenal glands, and the pancreas.
    • Primary function is to regulate the biological functions of the body through the secretion of hormones.

    Heart

    • Pump of the circulatory system made up of four chambers (two atria and two ventricles) and enclosed in the pericardium (outer protective membrane).

    Hemostasis

    • Ongoing process of the body to stop bleeding and repair blood vessels after vascular injury without interrupting blood flow through the circulatory system.

    Hemostasis Disorder

    • Disorder in which there is an abnormality of blood function, examples include deep vein thrombosis (DVT), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hemophilia, and thrombocytopenia.

    Homeostasis

    • State of balance and optimal functioning of all body systems.

    Integumentary System

    • Made up of the skin, hair, nails, and sweat and sebaceous glands.
    • Primary function is to provide a barrier between the body and the external environment.

    Lymphatic System

    • Made up of lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus.
    • Primary function is a natural and adaptive immune response.

    Muscular System

    • Made up of different types of muscles including cardiac, skeletal, and smooth (visceral).
    • Functions are movement, posture, and heat.

    Nervous System

    • Made up of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves.
    • Functions are communication, sensation, response, integration, and body control.

    Physiology

    • Function(s) of an organism's anatomy, including chemical and physical processes.

    Platelet

    • Smallest blood cell responsible for clotting of blood when an injury occurs, also known as a thrombocyte.

    Pulmonary System

    • Made up of the lungs and their associated organs.
    • Function is to carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart.

    Red Blood Cell (RBC)

    • Blood cell that contains hemoglobin (Hgb) and carries oxygen throughout the body, also known as an erythrocyte.

    Reproductive System (Female)

    • Made up of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, and vulva.
    • Primary function is procreation.

    Reproductive System (Male)

    • Made up of the spermatic cords, scrotum, testes, sperm, epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, seminal ducts, urethra, and penis.
    • Primary function is procreation.

    Respiratory System

    • Made up of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs.
    • Functions are acid-base balance, gas exchange and transport, and respiration.

    Sinoatrial (SA) Node

    • Electrical impulse that initiates the contraction of the heart, also known as the pacemaker.

    Skeletal System

    • Made up of bones, cartilage, joints, and marrow.
    • Functions are support, protection, movement, storage, and production of blood cells.

    Systemic System

    • Made up of blood vessels that creates a path between the heart and the rest of the body.
    • Function is to carry oxygenated blood from the heart through the body and deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

    Urinary System

    • Made up of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
    • Functions are filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

    Vein

    • Vessel that carries deoxygenated blood to the heart.

    Vena Cava

    • Largest type of vein.

    Venule

    • Smallest type of vein.

    White Blood Cell (WBC)

    • Blood cell that develops from stem cells and provides immunity to help protect the body, also known as a leukocyte.

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    Description

    Learn key terms related to anatomy and venipuncture for phlebotomy technicians, including antecubital fossa, aorta, and arteriole.

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