Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the term 'Philosophy' originate from in its components?
What does the term 'Philosophy' originate from in its components?
Which component of philosophy focuses on the morality of human actions?
Which component of philosophy focuses on the morality of human actions?
What is the aim of logic as defined in philosophy?
What is the aim of logic as defined in philosophy?
Which type of logic involves the application of mathematical methods to thought processes?
Which type of logic involves the application of mathematical methods to thought processes?
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What does epistemology study?
What does epistemology study?
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Who is recognized as the founder of logic?
Who is recognized as the founder of logic?
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What does the term 'Organon' signify in relation to logic?
What does the term 'Organon' signify in relation to logic?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 activities of the human mind according to Pierre de la Ramee?
Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 activities of the human mind according to Pierre de la Ramee?
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What is the process of intellectualization also referred to as?
What is the process of intellectualization also referred to as?
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Which approach does NOT require the use of senses for cognizing?
Which approach does NOT require the use of senses for cognizing?
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In the process of forming ideas, what is the role of the Common Sense?
In the process of forming ideas, what is the role of the Common Sense?
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What is a 'Phantasm' in the context of intellectual formation?
What is a 'Phantasm' in the context of intellectual formation?
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Which statement best describes the 'Agent Intellect'?
Which statement best describes the 'Agent Intellect'?
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What classification of terms expresses similar meanings in different contexts?
What classification of terms expresses similar meanings in different contexts?
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Which of the following best defines truth as per St. Thomas Aquinas?
Which of the following best defines truth as per St. Thomas Aquinas?
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Study Notes
Philosophy Overview
- Derived from Greek words "Philo" (love) and "Sophia" (wisdom), signifying love for wisdom and the act of wondering.
- Encourages critical thinking and self-reflection.
Components of Philosophy
- Metaphysics: Examines the nature of reality, involving beings and existence.
- Epistemology: Investigates the validity and scope of human knowledge.
- Ethics: Studies morality and the implications of human actions.
- Cosmology: Explores the science of the universe, including concepts of space and time.
- Theodicy: Philosophical study concerning the existence of God.
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Logic:
- Defined as the science and art of correct thinking.
- Combines empirical science with artistic reasoning to acquire and interpret knowledge.
- Foundation for all scientific disciplines.
Types of Logic
- Transcendental Logic: Investigates the priority of cognitive elements in human thought.
- Symbolic Logic: Utilizes mathematical methods in reasoning processes.
- Applied Logic: Focuses on the use of logic in natural sciences.
- Natural Logic (Common Sense): The innate ability to judge and reason correctly.
Origins of Logic
- Aristotle: Considered the father of logic; compiled logical works in "Organon," which means instrument.
- His treatises include categories, interpretation, prior and posterior analytics, topics, and sophistical refutation.
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Pierre de la Ramee (1515 - 1572): Critiqued Aristotelian logic; identified three activities of the mind:
- Simple Apprehension
- Judgment
- Reasoning
Formation of Ideas
- Process of Intellectualization (or Ideogenesis): Refers to how ideas are formed.
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Human Cognition:
- Sensitive Approach: Knowledge is obtained through senses, which perceive external qualities but not the essence.
- Intellectual Approach: Understanding concepts beyond direct sensory experience; relies on intellect.
Process of Idea Formation
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Sensible Order:
- Objective realities are perceived by external senses.
- External qualities are gathered to form a unified understanding through common sense.
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Percept:
- The impression of object features that exist in perception.
- Creates a mental representation called “Phantasm” through cognitive sense, imagination, and memory.
Intellectual Order
- Agent Intellect: Individualizes phantasms by discarding non-essential features to reveal abstract concepts.
- Possible Intellect: Receives and processes the output of agent intellect to form ideas or concepts, representing the essence of known objects.
Truth
- Defined as the conformity between intellect and reality (adequate intellectus et rei) as proposed by St. Thomas Aquinas.
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Classification of Terms:
- Univocal Terms: Same meaning across different contexts (e.g., "student").
- Analogous Terms: Partly similar and partly different meanings (e.g., "orange" as a fruit vs. color).
- Equivocal Terms: Different meanings in various contexts (e.g., "match" for lighting a candle vs. matching items).
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamental components of philosophy, including metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and logic. This quiz will challenge your understanding of the different branches and types of philosophical inquiry, along with their implications for knowledge and reality.
