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Questions and Answers
What is the origin of the noun 'vice'?
Latin word 'vitium'
Which of the following is NOT one of the Seven Deadly Sins?
Moral relativism suggests that moral standards are universally applicable.
False
According to natural law theory, what are moral standards based on?
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What do deontological ethics focus on?
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Which philosopher critiques conventional moral values and explores individuality?
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The Seven Deadly Sins traditionally include pride, greed, wrath, envy, lust, gluttony, and ________.
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Study Notes
Vice Definition
- Vice origins from the Latin word "vitium" which meant a fault, defect, or moral failing.
- Vice traditionally encompassed misconduct, wrongdoing, bad habits, and immoral behaviours.
- Vice is defined as an immoral or evil habit or practice.
Seven Deadly Sins
- Lust: wanting what someone else has
- Gluttony: over-consumption beyond reasonable needs
- Greed: selfish desire for wealth, power, and possessions
- Sloth: desire to do what’s easy instead of what's good
- Wrath: uncontrolled feelings of rage, anger, and hatred
- Envy: resentment of others for their lot in life
- Pride: self-adulation and over-inflation of ego
Philosophical Perspectives on Vice
Utilitarianism
- Evaluates actions based on their consequences for overall happiness or well-being.
- Vices are problematic because they typically lead to negative outcomes, such as suffering or reduced happiness.
Cultural and Ethical Relativism
- Suggests that moral standards are culturally and contextually dependent.
- What is considered a vice in one culture might not be viewed the same way in another.
Natural Law Theory
- Posits that moral standards are based on human nature and the natural order of the world.
- Vices are actions that deviate from natural law, which is aligned with human purpose and reason.
Deontological Ethics
- Views vices as actions that violate moral duties and principles
- Kantian ethics asserts that moral actions must adhere to universal maxims or laws.
- Vices are wrong because they fail to respect these principles and are performed out of a lack of respect for moral law.
Virtue Ethics
- Focuses on the development of good character traits.
- Vices are viewed as character flaws or habits that hinder moral development.
Existentialism
- Emphasizes individual freedom, authenticity, and personal responsibility.
- Vices might be seen as behaviors that betray one’s authentic self or fail to embrace personal responsibility.
- Nietzsche critiques conventional moral values and how they constrain individual will and self-creation.
Religious Perspectives
- Christian Ethics: Vices are sinful behaviors that contradict divine commands or moral teachings.
- The Seven Deadly Sins are fundamental moral failings that separate individuals from spiritual and moral ideals.
- Vices seen as offenses against God and disrupt one’s spiritual relationship.
Elements of Vice
- Moral Wrongness: Vices are considered morally wrong based on different ethical frameworks.
- Habitual Behaviour: Vices are often ingrained patterns of behavior.
- Personal and Social Harm: Vices can have detrimental effects on individuals and society as a whole.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of vice, its origins, and its moral implications, including a detailed look at the Seven Deadly Sins. Additionally, it examines various philosophical perspectives such as utilitarianism and ethical relativism, offering a comprehensive understanding of vice in ethical discussions. Test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of these critical philosophical themes.
