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Questions and Answers
What constitutes the material self?
What constitutes the material self?
What is the primary characteristic of the ideal self according to Carl Rogers?
What is the primary characteristic of the ideal self according to Carl Rogers?
Which of the following is NOT a component of identity?
Which of the following is NOT a component of identity?
According to William James, what is the Me-Self?
According to William James, what is the Me-Self?
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What does self-seeking behavior primarily aim to achieve?
What does self-seeking behavior primarily aim to achieve?
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What happens when a person's ideal self is far from their real self?
What happens when a person's ideal self is far from their real self?
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What is the primary focus of psychology as a field of study?
What is the primary focus of psychology as a field of study?
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What is NOT a factor influencing our self according to the nature-nurture perspective?
What is NOT a factor influencing our self according to the nature-nurture perspective?
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What does the Me-Self represent in George Herbert Mead's theory?
What does the Me-Self represent in George Herbert Mead's theory?
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Which branch of anthropology focuses on human biology?
Which branch of anthropology focuses on human biology?
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In the context of the Looking-Glass Self Theory, how do individuals develop their concept of self?
In the context of the Looking-Glass Self Theory, how do individuals develop their concept of self?
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What characterizes the 'True Self' according to Dr. Donald Winnicott?
What characterizes the 'True Self' according to Dr. Donald Winnicott?
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How is Western culture's focus on the self typically described?
How is Western culture's focus on the self typically described?
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What does 'Cultural anthropology' study?
What does 'Cultural anthropology' study?
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Which of the following concepts is central to Eastern thoughts in culture?
Which of the following concepts is central to Eastern thoughts in culture?
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What is the study of archeology primarily concerned with?
What is the study of archeology primarily concerned with?
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Which philosopher proposed that the self is developed from social experiences and activities?
Which philosopher proposed that the self is developed from social experiences and activities?
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What concept did William James introduce to differentiate between how others perceive us and how we perceive ourselves?
What concept did William James introduce to differentiate between how others perceive us and how we perceive ourselves?
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Which philosopher is associated with the idea that knowledge of the self emerges through reflection on one's own behavior?
Which philosopher is associated with the idea that knowledge of the self emerges through reflection on one's own behavior?
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What does the term 'Tabula Rasa' refer to in relation to John Locke's philosophy?
What does the term 'Tabula Rasa' refer to in relation to John Locke's philosophy?
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What aspect of the self does Immanuel Kant focus on in his philosophy?
What aspect of the self does Immanuel Kant focus on in his philosophy?
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Which philosopher's theory emphasizes that the self is a collection of perceptions and emotions?
Which philosopher's theory emphasizes that the self is a collection of perceptions and emotions?
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What is the significance of self-discovery as defined in the context provided?
What is the significance of self-discovery as defined in the context provided?
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Which philosopher is credited as the founder of modern philosophy?
Which philosopher is credited as the founder of modern philosophy?
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Study Notes
Understanding the Self
- St. Augustine: Believes in the image and likeness of God, measures time through memory.
- Paul Churchland: The brain creates our sense of self.
- René Descartes: Emphasizes thinking before acting.
- Sigmund Freud: The self is a combination of conscious and unconscious behaviors.
- David Hume: The self is a collection of perceptions and emotions.
- William James: "I" self (perceived by others); "me" self (own perception).
- Immanuel Kant: Separates the inner self (rational) and outer self (5 senses).
- John Locke: Believes in Tabula Rasa - the opportunity to begin again without any prior history or record.
- Plato: The self consists of reason, physical appetite, and will/spirit.
- Ponty: Unity in mental, emotional, and physical; disposition.
- Gilbert Ryle: The self is behavior-based.
- Socrates: The self is composed of physical and spiritual.
- George Herbert Mead: The self develops through social experiences.
- Charles Horton Cooley: The looking-glass self; how we perceive others shapes our self-concept.
Self Discovery
- The process of learning, understanding, and knowing oneself.
- Self-awareness: Knowledge about oneself and worth.
- Result of self-discovery: Knowledge of oneself and purpose.
The Self Embedded in Culture
- Material Culture: The physical manifestations of culture (e.g., technology).
- Non-Material Culture: Intangible creations: beliefs, values, rules, language, and organizations.
Individualism vs Collectivism
- Individualism: Belief in independence and self-reliance, focusing on personal needs and goals.
- Collectivism: Loyalty to the group; prioritizing group needs and goals over individual needs.
The Self and the Person in Contemporary Anthropology
- Anthropology: The study of people and cultures.
- Branches: Archaeology, physical anthropology, linguistics, and cultural anthropology.
- Self in Western Culture: Focuses on self-interest and individual needs.
- Self in Eastern Culture: Focuses on connecting with others and group harmony.
George Herbert Mead: The "I" and "Me" Self Theory
- Me-Self: The socialized aspect; the self perceived by others.
- I-Self: The individual's present and future, and actions.
Looking-Glass Self Theory (Charles Horton Cooley)
- Individuals develop a concept of self by observing how others perceive them.
True vs. False Self (Dr. Donald Winnicott)
- True Self: Based on authentic experience; a sense of self.
- False Self: Defensive facade to protect the true self and conform to expectations.
Carl Rogers: Real vs Ideal Self
- Real Self: What we really are, intrinsic qualities.
- Ideal Self: What we want to be.
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Description
Explore the profound theories of the self as discussed by key philosophers, including St. Augustine, Descartes, and Freud. This quiz tests your understanding of different perspectives on personal identity, consciousness, and the nature of being. Engage with the ideas that have shaped the philosophy of self and challenge your knowledge.
