Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the two Greek words that make up the word 'philosophy'?
What are the two Greek words that make up the word 'philosophy'?
Philos and Sophia
What is the most accurate definition of 'philosophy'?
What is the most accurate definition of 'philosophy'?
According to Socrates, 'an unexamined life is not worth living.'
According to Socrates, 'an unexamined life is not worth living.'
True (A)
The Greek philosopher, ______, famously said, 'Know Thyself.'
The Greek philosopher, ______, famously said, 'Know Thyself.'
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What is one of the key themes of philosophy that relates to the 'self'?
What is one of the key themes of philosophy that relates to the 'self'?
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Match the following philosophical questions with their corresponding themes:
Match the following philosophical questions with their corresponding themes:
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According to David Hume, the mind is a collection of:
According to David Hume, the mind is a collection of:
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Immanuel Kant argued that the self is a product of intuition.
Immanuel Kant argued that the self is a product of intuition.
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What is the primary function of the self, according to Kant?
What is the primary function of the self, according to Kant?
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Philosophy provides a ______ for our actions and thoughts, allowing us to process information rationally.
Philosophy provides a ______ for our actions and thoughts, allowing us to process information rationally.
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Match the philosophers with their corresponding arguments about the self:
Match the philosophers with their corresponding arguments about the self:
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According to Socrates, what are the two main components of the self?
According to Socrates, what are the two main components of the self?
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Socrates believed that the soul is imperfect and impermanent.
Socrates believed that the soul is imperfect and impermanent.
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What is the name of the method used by Socrates to teach by asking questions?
What is the name of the method used by Socrates to teach by asking questions?
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The famous quote by Rene Descartes is "______ ergo sum", which means "I think, therefore I am."
The famous quote by Rene Descartes is "______ ergo sum", which means "I think, therefore I am."
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Match the philosophers with their key ideas:
Match the philosophers with their key ideas:
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According to Plato, what are the two main realms of existence?
According to Plato, what are the two main realms of existence?
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Plato believed that the soul is the least divine aspect of the self.
Plato believed that the soul is the least divine aspect of the self.
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What is the function of the rational soul according to Plato?
What is the function of the rational soul according to Plato?
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Descartes' famous quote "Cogito ergo sum" translates to "I think, therefore I am."
Descartes' famous quote "Cogito ergo sum" translates to "I think, therefore I am."
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According to Descartes, what are the two distinct components of a human being?
According to Descartes, what are the two distinct components of a human being?
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What philosophical concept does John Locke's "Tabula Rasa" theory refer to?
What philosophical concept does John Locke's "Tabula Rasa" theory refer to?
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According to John Locke, our identity is not solely locked in the mind, soul, or body, but also in our ______.
According to John Locke, our identity is not solely locked in the mind, soul, or body, but also in our ______.
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Match the philosophers with their associated philosophical concepts:
Match the philosophers with their associated philosophical concepts:
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Describe David Hume's 'Bundle Theory' in your own words.
Describe David Hume's 'Bundle Theory' in your own words.
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Which philosopher's ideas are closely aligned with empiricism?
Which philosopher's ideas are closely aligned with empiricism?
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According to David Hume, impressions are less vivid and less impactful than ideas.
According to David Hume, impressions are less vivid and less impactful than ideas.
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Study Notes
Philosophical Perspectives
- Course title: Psyc 031 Understanding the Self
- Instructor: Rennyvonne Fae V. Ledesma, MP, RPsy, LPT, EXA-F
Activity Instructions
- Use one whole sheet of pre-printed bond paper
- Use any art material or writing material
- Illustrate your own idea of yourself
Thoughts to Ponder
- What does the word "self" mean?
- Am I in control of my actions and thoughts?
- Will we exist after death?
- Do we get reincarnated?
- Am I a fragment of someone else's imagination?
- How would you characterize yourself?
- What makes you stand out from others?
- What makes your self special?
- What will happen to your self after you die?
What is Philosophy?
- Greek words: Philos (love) and Sophia (wisdom)
- Definition: The love and pursuit of wisdom
Further Aspects of Philosophy
- Finding answers to serious questions about ourselves and the world
- What is a good life?
- Does God exist?
- What is the mind?
- Do we get reincarnated after death?
- What makes something moral or immoral?
- Questioning existing knowledge and intuitions to get closer to the truth
Philosophy Defined
- A way to look at the world and give it meaning
- A high quality method to examine our beliefs
Origin of Philosophy and Logic
- The never-ending search for truth (important, significant, valuable)
- Searching for meanings (important, significant, value, relevance)
- Asking a lot of questions
Philosophy and Self
What is the Self?
- A unified being, essentially connected to consciousness, awareness, and agency (at least with the faculty of rational choice).
Classical Antiquity
- A unified being, essentially connected to consciousness, awareness, and agency (at least with the faculty of rational choice).
Socrates: Know Thyself
- Self-knowledge is required for a happy and meaningful life
- An unexamined life is not worth living
- "One thing only I know, and that is I know nothing." (The more we know, the more questions we ask)
- Socratic Method: How knowledge is brought (teaching by asking questions)
Socrates' Dualistic Approach
- Understanding the self through the body and the soul
- Body: Imperfect and impermanent
- Soul: Perfect and permanent
- Dichotomous Realms (Physical and Ideal)
Plato: Student of Socrates
- Founded the Academy (considered prototype for universities today)
- Dichotomy between the ideal (world of forms/realm of ideas) and material world.
- The material world is a replica of the real world
- Belief in the existence of the soul
Plato's Soul: Three Components
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Rational soul: reason, intellect (thinking deeply, making wise choices)
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Spirited soul: emotion, passion
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Appetitive soul: basic needs
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The three elements are in dynamic relationships, sometimes conflicting
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Reason's role in resolving conflicts.
René Descartes: Cogito Ergo Sum
- "I think, therefore I am"
- Father of modern philosophy
- Hyperbolic doubt: doubting the existence of his own physical body
- Existence of the body is not proof of existence.
René Descartes and Mind-Body Dualism
- Matter: Physical stuff (walks, talks, plays accordion)
- Mind: Non-physical substance (thinks, doubts, remembers)
- The nature of mind and body are completely different.
- Mind and body are united to form a human being.
John Locke: Tabula Rasa
- The person is like a blank slate (clueless about the world)
- Experience writes on the blank slate (memory)
- Identity is not strictly tied to mind, soul, or body
- Continuous identity requires memory
David Hume: There Is No Self
- Personal identity is a result of imagination
- The mind is simply a container for fleeting sensations
Immanuel Kant: Constructing the Self
- The self constructs its own reality
- Actively creating a world that is familiar, predictable, and personal
- The self is a product of reason
- Understanding abstract ideas that do not have physical objects in sensory experience is possible through rationality.
Importance of Philosophy of Self
- Pinnacle of one's life; without it, life is aimless and meaningless
- Adds structure and balance for implementing goals; roadmap for actions and thoughts
- Improves critical thinking, argument skills, analysis skills, and communications
- Enables justifying opinions, spotting bad arguments, explaining why opinions are right or wrong.
Additional Philosophical Thought
- A philosopher is a lover of wisdom, not of knowledge—
- Wisdom is eternal and immutable.
- Knowledge is transient and subject to change—
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Description
This quiz explores fundamental ideas and philosophers in the field of philosophy, particularly focusing on the self. Engage with concepts introduced by Socrates, Hume, Kant, and others while matching philosophical questions to their themes. Test your understanding of the definitions, themes, and influential quotes that shape philosophical thought.
