Philosophy of Science Concepts Quiz

Systematic study of knowledge acquisition methods.

Distinguishing science from non-science issues.

Foundational principles of scientific inquiry.

<p>Reason, not experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Logical Positivism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotheses must be testable and potentially falsifiable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A systematic approach to inquiry and experimentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A testable prediction based on prior knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Original data collected for specific research purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An inquiry into the essence of science.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It questions the relevance of philosophy to scientific practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Philosophy plays a crucial role in scientific inquiry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Philosophy is not essential for effective scientific research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His sceptical views.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reality aligns with our factual understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facts fit current understanding of reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Practical outcomes, rather than theoretical certainty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Vienna Circle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A. J. Ayer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It's a criterion distinguishing science from non-science.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Karl Popper.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Science based on disproving rather than proving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Questioning claims based on empirical data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carl Sagan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It generalizes from specific instances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It derives specific conclusions from general premises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knowledge derived from sensory experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reasoning from specific observations to general conclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reasoning from general principles to specific instances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An exploratory approach starting from specific data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A top-down method testing specific hypotheses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tentative proposition subject to verification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Noting phenomena that pose questions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating a possible explanation for observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A statement about expected outcomes of tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Designing experiments to support or refute hypotheses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rigorous examination of data for meaningful results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unexpected events challenging established theories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An initial guess requiring further investigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It's a framework for validating scientific claims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It proposes that the universe appears the same at all times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It states objects return after being thrown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Science involving imagination and social interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An astrophysicist who proposed the universe's circular nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A 1945 horror film with a circular narrative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evidence of galaxies moving apart in the universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evolutionary theory and geology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A geological feature studied by Darwin in Scotland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A Swiss geologist who proposed the glacial lake theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It explains lake formation due to glacial damming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lake acidification in Scotland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testable predictions that can be proved false.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Samples used to analyze historical environmental conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microscopic algae sensitive to water acidity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approx. 1mm per year in sediment cores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It links acid rain to lake acidity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase of metals like Pb, Cu, Zn in sediments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repetition of experiments to verify results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessment of research by independent experts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Documenting research findings for transparency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It's a criticism of the publication process and often focuses on positive results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Publication ensuring research quality through expert review.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precipitation with elevated levels of sulfuric and nitric acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Challenges in publishing negative or inconclusive results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Findings that do not support initial hypotheses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing frequency of scientific paper retractions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Science has the ability to correct its own errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knowledge progresses through reason to accumulate and improve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fundamental changes in scientific theories and practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thomas Kuhn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevailing theory before a paradigm shift occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It explains continental movement, established in the 1960s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Climate Change Evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data from ice cores revealing climate history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A visual representation of interconnected scientific theories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Research articles referenced together in academic work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assumption that location influences interactions between entities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phrase indicating uncertainty in an argument's foundation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Logical fallacy where conclusion assumes premise validity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Argument assumes what it attempts to prove.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frameworks guiding scientific research and interpretation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Method of organizing scientific papers into paradigms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Error in reasoning undermining argument validity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vulnerabilities in someone's argument or reasoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influence of location on relationships between variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New findings that advance understanding in a field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progressive building of understanding over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Argument assumes conclusion without evidence or proof.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incorrect assumption leading to invalid conclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developing several hypotheses before research begins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An observable event or occurrence to study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proponent of the Multiple Working Hypotheses method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It's a systematic process for investigating phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers