Philosophy of Religion: Universal Salvation

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Questions and Answers

What does John Hick believe about the literal interpretation of the Garden of Eden story?

It should be taken literally as a historical account.

It serves solely as a teaching tool for morality.

It is an allegory with no relevance to human existence.

It is a myth that explores the concept of evil. (correct)

According to John Hick's theodicy, what plays a significant role in human development?

The divine intervention in human affairs.

The attainment of perfection at birth.

The presence of free will and challenges. (correct)

The adherence to strict moral codes.

What is the concept of 'likeness' in Hick's theodicy?

A stage of creation where beings are perfect.

An inherent quality that humans possess from birth.

A state of being equal to God in power.

A relationship with God achieved after death. (correct)

How does Hick view the role of natural disasters in the world?

As necessary for moral and intellectual development. Signup and view all the answers

What does Hick mean by 'epistemic distance'?

The gap in understanding between God and humanity. Signup and view all the answers

What significant role does 'The Fall' play in Hick's theodicy?

It represents the starting point of human autonomy. Signup and view all the answers

In Hick's view, what is the essence of the 'soul-making' world?

A place for trials and moral learning. Signup and view all the answers

What is an eschatological aspect of Hick's Irenaean theodicy?

The transformation into God's image occurs after death. Signup and view all the answers

What is a strength of Hick's concept of universal salvation?

It provides hope and suggests everyone has a role in salvation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a weakness of Hick's arguments?

It fails to address the problem of excessive evil. Signup and view all the answers

How does Hick's viewpoint on original sin contrast with traditional beliefs?

Hick finds the concept of original sin illogical, indicating it seems unfair. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of suffering does Hick's soul-making theodicy address?

Suffering is a necessary means for spiritual growth. Signup and view all the answers

Why do critics challenge Hick's justification of suffering?

They question the purpose of suffering if universal salvation is guaranteed. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about natural disasters is a criticism of Hick's theory?

Natural disasters often seem unjustifiable within his framework. Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely implication of accepting Hick's view on the relationship between God and evil?

God allows evil for the sake of human spiritual development. Signup and view all the answers

What philosophical challenge does Hick's universal salvation pose?

It removes the concept of divine justice in rewarding or punishing individuals. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Universal Salvation and John Hick's Theodicy

John Hick supports universal salvation, asserting that all souls will ultimately be saved and reunited with God after death.
Encourages an optimistic outlook on salvation, offering hope and emphasizing a collective role in achieving salvation.

Strengths of Hick's Theodicy

Aligns with modern scientific understanding, avoiding a literal interpretation of Genesis, which helps reconcile faith with scientific theories like the Big Bang.
The concept of soul-making suggests that life's challenges contribute to spiritual growth and development, creating a more benevolent image of God.
Rejects the doctrine of original sin, promoting a view of God who does not predestine humanity to damnation, thus supporting the idea of free will.

Weaknesses of Hick's Theodicy

Arguments that God permits suffering for growth may not address the existence of extreme evil or justify incomparable suffering, such as natural disasters.
Theodicy raises questions about God's role in the presence of evil; suggests potential for God to be implicated in the existence of malevolence.
Criticism arises from natural disasters that cause immense suffering, leading to doubts about God’s purpose behind allowing such events if universal salvation is guaranteed.

John Hick's Perspective on Genesis

Disagrees with Augustine's view on the literal interpretation of the Fall, instead viewing the story as a myth posing profound questions about human existence and the nature of evil.
Believes that the narrative of Adam and Eve symbolizes the human quest for a deeper relationship with God rather than a historical account of creation.

Human Development in Hick's Theodicy

Hick proposes that humans must progress towards ‘likeness’ with God, emphasizing spiritual growth and development as a lifelong journey that extends beyond death.
Introduces the concept of 'epistemic distance,' where free will allows humanity to navigate its relationship with God without coercion.

The Role of the World in Soul-Making

The world is portrayed as a "soul-making" environment, where experiences, including suffering and evil, foster moral and intellectual growth.
The existence of challenges and dangers is necessary for the enhancement of human virtues and for creating meaningful experiences.

Addressing Natural Disasters

Natural disasters are viewed as opportunities for intellectual, moral, and imaginative development, asserting that adversity plays a crucial role in human evolution and spiritual improvement.

Eschatological View

The eschatological aspect of Hick's Irenaen theodicy posits that beings develop into the image of God only after death, emphasizing the ongoing nature of spiritual evolution beyond physical existence.

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Description

This quiz explores John Hick's theory of universal salvation and its implications for the afterlife. It examines both the strengths and weaknesses of Hick's perspective in relation to traditional interpretations of scripture. Test your understanding of this philosophical debate and its relevance in modern theology.