Philosophy of Perception and Associationism Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is considered a Secondary Quality?

  • Shape
  • Sound (correct)
  • Motion
  • Quantity
  • What psychological theory considers association to be the fundamental principle of mental life?

  • Psychoanalysis
  • Cognitivism
  • Associationism (correct)
  • Behaviorism
  • Locke believed that ideas succeeding each other due to natural or rational reasons represent what kind of knowledge?

  • Empirical knowledge
  • Subjective knowledge
  • True knowledge (correct)
  • Assumed knowledge
  • Which philosopher emphasized the importance of Nurture over Nature for character development?

    <p>Locke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Locke encouraged parents to increase stress tolerance in children through exposure to which environment?

    <p>Hard and cold conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Locke's philosophy did not demonstrate strong support for which psychological theory despite being associated with it?

    <p>Associationism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did David Hume study at the University of Edinburgh?

    <p>Law and commerce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher believed that objects we name are aggregates of sensations?

    <p>Locke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Descartes believe was responsible for distance perception?

    <p>Optical geometry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did David Hume introduce into moral subjects?

    <p>Experimental method of reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the text mention that a person born blind would not be able to distinguish between a cube and a triangle?

    <p>Lack of sensory experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did David Hume write that aimed to introduce the experimental method of reasoning into moral subjects?

    <p>Treatise of Human Nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Berkeley argue about the assumption of matter?

    <p>It is false and does not exist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Berkeley refer to as primary qualities?

    <p>Attributes of physical things</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Berkeley believe reality to be?

    <p>Perceptions created by God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Berkeley deny about the external world?

    <p>That it consists of matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Berkeley view the laws of nature?

    <p>As fixed ideas in God's mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Berkeley suggest about the ideas we experience in God's mind?

    <p>They shape our own ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main sensory ability of the Sentient Statue described in the text?

    <p>Smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would the Sentient Statue not feel happy or sad with only a good or bad smell?

    <p>There would be no comparison to past experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest surprise comes from?

    <p>Radically different experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are sensations remembered according to the text?

    <p>In an organized chain forming a train of thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text propose happens when things being recalled are in a different order?

    <p>Imagination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe the mental focus of the Sentient Statue?

    <p>Primarily pleasure seeking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded the first journal for psychology?

    <p>Alexander Bain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three components of the mind explained by the laws of association?

    <p>Feelings, Volition, Intellect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle connects actions, sensations, and feelings occurring together or in close succession?

    <p>Law of Contiguity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Alexander Bain supplement the law of contiguity with?

    <p>Law of Frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Alexander Bain, what can the mind do with connections that had not been paired before?

    <p>Make up new connections creatively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which associative principle states that similar things that happened at different times could be paired together by the brain?

    <p>Law of Similarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguished Thomas Hobbes as an empiricist, according to the text?

    <p>His focus on the content of thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Thomas Hobbes adopt from Galileo in understanding humans?

    <p>Humans as machines governed by matter and motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Thomas Hobbes find democracy dangerous according to the text?

    <p>It gives people a reason to display aggression and greed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Thomas Hobbes' primary interest, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Politics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Thomas Hobbes have issues with Baconian's inductive method?

    <p>It contradicted his deductive approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Thomas Hobbes believe humans could be understood, based on the text?

    <p>Using techniques of geometry from undeniable premises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered to be the first true psychologist according to the text?

    <p>Alexander Bain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept did John Stuart Mill prioritize over physical pleasures like good food in his version of Utilitarianism?

    <p>Intellectual pleasures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of the ethology that re-emerged in France as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Stressing emotions over association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reform did the author of 'The Subjection of Women' advocate for?

    <p>Emancipation of women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did John Stuart Mill believe psychology would help set straight?

    <p>Utilitarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Alexander Bain receive a university education despite being poor?

    <p>Due to showing promise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Jeremy Bentham introduce to society as a whole?

    <p>Hedonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Jeremy Bentham, what was the best government?

    <p>One that brought the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Jeremy Bentham's analysis provide a comprehensive summary of?

    <p>Associationism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Jeremy Bentham view as the basis for almost all modern approaches to ethics?

    <p>His approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Jeremy Bentham believe about the mind's creative abilities?

    <p>It was passive with no creative abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Jeremy Bentham's goal in providing details that were lacking in Hartley's account?

    <p>To enhance the understanding of association in the mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did August Comte believe about the role of science in society?

    <p>Science is essential for improving society through practical knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept best describes August Comte's belief that knowledge can only be acquired through empirical observation?

    <p>Positivism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes primary laws from secondary laws in psychology?

    <p>Primary laws are general rules while secondary laws are individual characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to August Comte, how do societies and individuals progress through different stages of understanding?

    <p>By listening to the wisest members who can foresee the next stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is psychology considered an inexact science according to the text?

    <p>As a result of variations caused by secondary laws affecting individual cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did August Comte consider as essential for a scientific statement according to his positivist views?

    <p>Referring to objects that can be sensed and observed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did J.S. Mills propose to study in Ethology?

    <p>The formation of character through individual circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an inexact science differ from an exact science?

    <p>An inexact science is unpredictable, while an exact science is precise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Comte's Law of Three Stages, what characterizes the final scientific stage of societal development?

    <p>A focus on predicting and controlling phenomena through science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of J.S. Mills' proposed science of Ethology?

    <p>Exploring individual characteristics that influence human character.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was August Comte's primary objective in introducing his religion of humanity, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>To promote a worldview centered on improving society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is psychology considered more inexact compared to a field like mathematics?

    <p>Psychology deals with individual variations caused by secondary laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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