Philosophy of Perception and Associationism Quiz

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Which of the following is considered a Secondary Quality?

Shape

Sound (correct)

Motion

Quantity

What psychological theory considers association to be the fundamental principle of mental life?

Psychoanalysis

Cognitivism

Associationism (correct)

Behaviorism

Locke believed that ideas succeeding each other due to natural or rational reasons represent what kind of knowledge?

Empirical knowledge

Subjective knowledge

True knowledge (correct)

Assumed knowledge

Which philosopher emphasized the importance of Nurture over Nature for character development?

Locke Signup and view all the answers

Locke encouraged parents to increase stress tolerance in children through exposure to which environment?

Hard and cold conditions Signup and view all the answers

Locke's philosophy did not demonstrate strong support for which psychological theory despite being associated with it?

Associationism Signup and view all the answers

What did David Hume study at the University of Edinburgh?

Law and commerce Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher believed that objects we name are aggregates of sensations?

Locke Signup and view all the answers

What did Descartes believe was responsible for distance perception?

Optical geometry Signup and view all the answers

What concept did David Hume introduce into moral subjects?

Experimental method of reasoning Signup and view all the answers

Why did the text mention that a person born blind would not be able to distinguish between a cube and a triangle?

Lack of sensory experiences Signup and view all the answers

What did David Hume write that aimed to introduce the experimental method of reasoning into moral subjects?

Treatise of Human Nature Signup and view all the answers

What did Berkeley argue about the assumption of matter?

It is false and does not exist. Signup and view all the answers

What did Berkeley refer to as primary qualities?

Attributes of physical things Signup and view all the answers

How did Berkeley believe reality to be?

Perceptions created by God Signup and view all the answers

What did Berkeley deny about the external world?

That it consists of matter Signup and view all the answers

How did Berkeley view the laws of nature?

As fixed ideas in God's mind Signup and view all the answers

What did Berkeley suggest about the ideas we experience in God's mind?

They shape our own ideas Signup and view all the answers

What is the main sensory ability of the Sentient Statue described in the text?

Smell Signup and view all the answers

Why would the Sentient Statue not feel happy or sad with only a good or bad smell?

There would be no comparison to past experiences Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest surprise comes from?

Radically different experiences Signup and view all the answers

How are sensations remembered according to the text?

In an organized chain forming a train of thought Signup and view all the answers

What does the text propose happens when things being recalled are in a different order?

Imagination Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the mental focus of the Sentient Statue?

Primarily pleasure seeking Signup and view all the answers

Who founded the first journal for psychology?

Alexander Bain Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of the mind explained by the laws of association?

Feelings, Volition, Intellect Signup and view all the answers

Which principle connects actions, sensations, and feelings occurring together or in close succession?

Law of Contiguity Signup and view all the answers

What did Alexander Bain supplement the law of contiguity with?

Law of Frequency Signup and view all the answers

According to Alexander Bain, what can the mind do with connections that had not been paired before?

Make up new connections creatively Signup and view all the answers

Which associative principle states that similar things that happened at different times could be paired together by the brain?

Law of Similarity Signup and view all the answers

What distinguished Thomas Hobbes as an empiricist, according to the text?

His focus on the content of thoughts Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Thomas Hobbes adopt from Galileo in understanding humans?

Humans as machines governed by matter and motion Signup and view all the answers

Why did Thomas Hobbes find democracy dangerous according to the text?

It gives people a reason to display aggression and greed Signup and view all the answers

What was Thomas Hobbes' primary interest, as mentioned in the text?

Politics Signup and view all the answers

Why did Thomas Hobbes have issues with Baconian's inductive method?

It contradicted his deductive approach Signup and view all the answers

How did Thomas Hobbes believe humans could be understood, based on the text?

Using techniques of geometry from undeniable premises Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered to be the first true psychologist according to the text?

Alexander Bain Signup and view all the answers

Which concept did John Stuart Mill prioritize over physical pleasures like good food in his version of Utilitarianism?

Intellectual pleasures Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the ethology that re-emerged in France as mentioned in the text?

Stressing emotions over association Signup and view all the answers

Which reform did the author of 'The Subjection of Women' advocate for?

Emancipation of women Signup and view all the answers

What did John Stuart Mill believe psychology would help set straight?

Utilitarianism Signup and view all the answers

Why did Alexander Bain receive a university education despite being poor?

Due to showing promise Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Jeremy Bentham introduce to society as a whole?

Hedonism Signup and view all the answers

According to Jeremy Bentham, what was the best government?

One that brought the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people Signup and view all the answers

What did Jeremy Bentham's analysis provide a comprehensive summary of?

Associationism Signup and view all the answers

What did Jeremy Bentham view as the basis for almost all modern approaches to ethics?

His approach Signup and view all the answers

What did Jeremy Bentham believe about the mind's creative abilities?

It was passive with no creative abilities Signup and view all the answers

What was Jeremy Bentham's goal in providing details that were lacking in Hartley's account?

To enhance the understanding of association in the mind Signup and view all the answers

What did August Comte believe about the role of science in society?

Science is essential for improving society through practical knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

What concept best describes August Comte's belief that knowledge can only be acquired through empirical observation?

Positivism Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes primary laws from secondary laws in psychology?

Primary laws are general rules while secondary laws are individual characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

According to August Comte, how do societies and individuals progress through different stages of understanding?

By listening to the wisest members who can foresee the next stage Signup and view all the answers

Why is psychology considered an inexact science according to the text?

As a result of variations caused by secondary laws affecting individual cases. Signup and view all the answers

What did August Comte consider as essential for a scientific statement according to his positivist views?

Referring to objects that can be sensed and observed Signup and view all the answers

What concept did J.S. Mills propose to study in Ethology?

The formation of character through individual circumstances. Signup and view all the answers

How does an inexact science differ from an exact science?

An inexact science is unpredictable, while an exact science is precise. Signup and view all the answers

In Comte's Law of Three Stages, what characterizes the final scientific stage of societal development?

A focus on predicting and controlling phenomena through science Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of J.S. Mills' proposed science of Ethology?

Exploring individual characteristics that influence human character. Signup and view all the answers

What was August Comte's primary objective in introducing his religion of humanity, as mentioned in the text?

To promote a worldview centered on improving society Signup and view all the answers

Why is psychology considered more inexact compared to a field like mathematics?

Psychology deals with individual variations caused by secondary laws. Signup and view all the answers