Philosophy and Sensory Perception Quiz

<p>Simple ideas are combined and transformed through mental processes to create complex ideas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causation is a psychological habit formed through repeated observation of events occurring together. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Innate, pre-existing frameworks like space, time, and causality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents the ratio of the JND to the standard stimulus intensity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A higher Weber fraction indicates lower discriminability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-selective scattering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every material thing has a mental aspect or component. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control the amount of light entering the eye (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perceived intensity grows logarithmically with the actual stimulus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A flatter function indicating higher discriminability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lens's ability to focus on objects at varying distances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have difficulty focusing on distant objects because their eyeball is too long. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conversion of a physical stimulus into an electrical signal by a receptor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It relays and modulates sensory information to the cortex. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through a process of unconscious inference and educated guesses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To convert light into electrical signals that the brain can process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The alteration of sensory information based on factors like expectations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An exponential relationship between stimulus and perception. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The chromophore changes shape from 11-cis retinal to all-trans retinal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scotopic vision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prothetic involves variations in intensity, while metathetic involves variations in quality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pupil dilates to allow more light to enter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stimulus intensity is increased or decreased based on the participant's previous responses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological or psychological processes influencing perception unpredictably. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By enhancing contrast and improving the detection of edges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decision threshold influenced by expectations or consequences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperpolarization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bipolar and Ganglion cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The redirection of light by particles much smaller than the wavelength of light. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation of the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receptive field size increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The contrast and spatial frequency of details (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High frequency gratings result in a loss of lateral inhibition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A smaller visual angle would be required. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>With only two cones in the environment, each cone receives a mixture of black and white. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cones cannot distinguish the black and white stripes, and we see gray instead. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approximately 7 cycles per degree. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detecting motion and peripheral vision. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It dedicates more cortical space to central vision, improving detail processing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By detecting angles, corners, and boundaries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain has a pre-existing understanding of space and depth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relative Height (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Farther objects appear hazier and bluer due to atmospheric scattering. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Closer objects appear to move faster across your vision than distant objects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When you move forward, objects seem to expand outward from a central point. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The eyes rotate inward to focus on close objects, determining absolute depth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each eye sees a slightly different image, and the brain compares both images to create depth perception. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To relay visual signals from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) to the primary visual cortex (V1). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the fovea is responsible for high-acuity central vision. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their superior colliculus bypasses the primary visual cortex, allowing unconscious visual processing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolonged exposure to a tilted pattern, causing neurons sensitive to that orientation to become fatigued. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyzing all possible orientations from both eyes for a small part of the visual field. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By rotating the eyes inward (convergence) or outward (divergence) to focus on near or far objects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The distance at which accommodation becomes ineffective for depth perception. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create slightly different images in each eye, which the brain uses to calculate depth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They produce no disparity and appear at the same depth as the fixation point. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fuses the slightly disparate images into a single, clear image. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crossed disparity indicates objects closer than the fixation point, while uncrossed disparity indicates objects farther. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presenting one image to each eye, mimicking binocular disparity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disparity processing occurs before object recognition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain switches between the two images, with each dominating perception at different times. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The subjective nature of color perception, where individual differences in interpreting lighting can lead to different color percepts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inability to differentiate between a dim red light and a bright green light with a single cone type. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different mixtures of wavelengths that appear identical in color. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Akinetopsia (motion blindness). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>L-Cones: Red light (~560 nm) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adjusting the perceived color of objects to account for changes in illumination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reddish-green. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Additive mixing involves combining different wavelengths of light, while subtractive mixing involves absorbing light. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That subjective experience cannot be fully explained by physical knowledge alone. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Why and how neural activity gives rise to subjective experiences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It corrects errors by incorporating time into the circuit. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protanope (red-blind). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Phi Phenomenon. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The distinction between objective reality and subjective experience. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparing the relative activity between different cone types. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overstimulation of motion detectors, leading to adaptation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Subjective perception is directly related to stimulus intensity.

Real knowledge exists beyond sensory perception, discovered by reason.

Knowledge is gained through reason and logic, not senses.

Drawing general conclusions from specific observations; conclusions are probable.

Mind is a blank slate; sensory experiences create simple ideas, forming complex ideas.

Philosopher who argued for the existence of causation and innate knowledge structures.

The relationship between cause and effect recognized by the mind, according to Kant.

Innate knowledge frameworks like space, time, and causation that exist before experience.

The thing-in-itself, an external reality that is not directly perceived.

The smallest difference in weight that a person can perceive, indicating change.

The constant ratio (1/40) that relates the JND to the standard weight.

The process of converting physical stimuli into electrical signals in neurons.

An electrical impulse that travels down a neuron when activated, transmitting information.

Framework analyzing the ability to distinguish between signal (information) and noise (distraction).

A tendency to favor certain responses over others in the decision-making process.

Graphical representation of a detector's sensitivity across different thresholds.

Characterized by frequency and wave-particle duality; interacts with matter in specific ways.

The scattering of light by particles much smaller than the wavelength of light, causing color changes.

All wavelengths of light scatter evenly when hitting larger molecules.

Scattering of light by larger molecules, similar to Mie but less specific.

The process where light is converted into other forms of energy, like heat from the sun.

Light reflects off a smooth surface in a predictable direction.

Light reflects off a rough surface and scatters in many directions.

The passage of light through a material, such as glass.

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.

The lens contracts to focus light on the retina for clear vision at different distances.

A state where the lens is relaxed and focuses light properly on the retina for distant objects.

Nearsightedness caused by an eyeball that is too long, causing light to focus in front of the retina.

Farsightedness caused by an eyeball that is too short, causing light to focus behind the retina.

An irregular lens shape leading to multiple focal points and blurred vision.

The conversion of light into electrical signals in the retina for brain processing.

Light-sensitive molecules in photoreceptors that change shape when exposed to light.

The process by which the eye adjusts to lower light, increasing sensitivity to light over time.

The ability to distinguish fine details in vision, often measured in arc minutes.

The space an object occupies on the retina, measured in degrees.

A visual pattern consisting of one black stripe and one white stripe.

The ability to detect differences in light and dark areas, affecting how we perceive visual acuity.

The number of grating cycles per degree of vision, influencing how we see shapes and details.

The distance between cones in the retina, crucial for visual acuity.

The point where some optic nerve fibers cross to the opposite side of the brain.

Layers in the LGN of the Thalamus responsible for detecting fine details and color.

A phenomenon where central vision occupies a larger area of the primary visual cortex than peripheral vision.

Depth cues that can be perceived with one eye, aiding in depth perception.

A monocular cue indicating that an object is closer if it blocks another object.

Depth perception resulting from the slightly different images seen by each eye.

A depth cue where closer objects move faster across your field of vision than distant objects.

The inward turning of the eyes when focusing on a near object, helping in depth perception.

The perception change of texture patterns, appearing denser as they recede into the distance.

Axons from the LGN that project to the primary visual cortex (V1).

Ability to react to visual stimuli without conscious awareness due to V1 damage.

Perception change where vertical lines appear tilted after prolonged exposure to a tilted pattern.

Structures in V1 containing neurons that detect all possible orientations from both eyes.

Ability to see the world in three dimensions using both eyes.

Physical eye movements (vergence and accommodation) that help determine depth.

An imaginary circle where objects appear at the same depth as the fixation point, producing no disparity.

The region where objects project onto corresponding retinal points in both eyes, appearing at the same depth.

When an object closer than the fixation point appears on the outer retina of both eyes.

When an object further than the fixation point appears on the inner retina of both eyes.

Different binocular neurons in V1 encode various types of disparity for depth perception.

A device that presents two images to simulate depth perception, used in 3D technology.

The challenge of matching points in each eye’s image for coherent perception.

The human eye has S-Cones, M-Cones, and L-Cones for color detection.

A condition where one or more cone types are missing or defective, affecting color perception.

Combining different wavelengths of light; primary colors are Red, Green, and Blue (RGB).

Mixing paints or inks that absorb light; primary colors are Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow (CMY).

Different mixtures of light wavelengths that appear the same color to the eye.

Brain processes colors in opposing pairs (Red vs. Green, Blue vs. Yellow).

Colors that cannot be perceived together, supporting opponent-process theory.

Describes how color perception results from activity patterns in cone types.

The ability to perceive consistent colors despite changes in lighting.

A rare disorder where a person cannot perceive motion, seeing it as still images.

Perception of motion created by two flashing lights in sequence.

An optical illusion where stationary objects appear to move after viewing motion.

Theory explaining color perception through three types of cones in the retina.