Philosophy of Mind and Body

<p>Different parts of the brain are responsible for specific mental faculties and character traits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mind and body are distinct entities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He believed that mental experiences originated in the ventricles of the brain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mind can be explained solely by the physical processes of the brain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aristotle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different areas of the brain process information in a specialized manner. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damage to the frontal lobe can impair speech production but not comprehension. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It used computer models and information-processing theories to understand cognition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phrenology emphasized a direct link between brain regions and mental abilities, while cognitive neuropsychology acknowledged a more complex relationship. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that different brain regions are specifically designed for different functions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain research was limited, leading to a focus on observable behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rejection of the idea that the brain plays a role in mental processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They directly measure brain activity to understand cognition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain scans tell us how cognition occurs, not where. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gyrus is a raised ridge, while a sulcus is a deep groove. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sagittal, axial and coronal sections. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytoarchitecture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Input is processed one at a time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are complementary disciplines. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurodegeneration. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It influences the way we interpret information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It integrates electrical signals and determines whether to fire an action potential. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase the likelihood of an action potential being fired in the postsynaptic neuron. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excitatory PSPs depolarize the postsynaptic membrane, making it more likely to fire an action potential, while inhibitory PSPs hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane, making it less likely to fire. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spatial representation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for the encoding of a wider range of information compared to temporal coding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequency coding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A local representation encodes information about a stimulus in a single neuron, while a distributed representation encodes information across multiple neurons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PET requires the use of radioactive tracers, while fMRI does not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemoglobin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To align the magnetic moments of hydrogen protons in the brain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in blood flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specific pattern of blood flow changes after neural activity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enables the simultaneous measurement of brain structure and function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A voxel is about 3 mm in size. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The signal from different brain areas would interfere with each other if collected simultaneously. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EEG provides a measure of the brain's electrical activity but not necessarily the brain's function. (A), EEG is a non-invasive technique and does not require surgery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early components are influenced by physical characteristics of the stimulus, while late components are influenced by cognitive factors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reference electrode is placed in a location where there is no brain activity, providing a baseline for comparison. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system for standardizing the placement of electrodes on the scalp (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P1 is a positive peak that occurs earlier in the waveform than N1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Information about a stimulus is distributed across a large number of neurons, but only a small subset of these neurons are active at any given time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of how long it takes for a person to complete a task (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of how brain activity gives rise to cognitive processes.

The philosophical question on how the mind and body interact.

The concept that the mind and body are separate entities.

A gland in the brain thought to be the site of mind-body interaction.

The view that mind and body are two perspectives of the same reality.

The idea that mental processes can be explained by brain functions.

The study of the shape of the skull as an indication of mental faculties.

Fluid produced in brain ventricles critical for mental processes.

Different regions of the brain are responsible for distinct functions.

The size of different brain areas can affect how they are represented in the skull.

The study of how cognitive functions relate to brain regions, especially after damage.

A condition where a person has difficulty producing speech but can understand it.

A condition where a person can produce speech but cannot comprehend it.

A shift in psychology focusing on understanding the mind and mental processes.

The use of computer analogies to describe how the mind processes information.

Information processing that starts from simple sensory input to more complex interpretations.

Complex processing stages influence simpler information processing.

Multiple inputs processed simultaneously rather than one at a time.

Inputs processed one at a time in sequence.

Skepticism about the capabilities and interpretations of neuroscience.

Raised surfaces or ridges on the brain's cortical surface.

Depressed grooves or furrows on the brain's surface.

52 regions of the cerebral cortex classified by cell distribution.

Dense layer of neurons in the brain associated with processing.

Electrical pulses that enable neuron communication.

The part of the neuron that integrates signals up to threshold.

Chemicals released into the synaptic cleft after an action potential.

A postsynaptic potential that makes a neuron more likely to fire.

A postsynaptic potential that makes a neuron less likely to fire.

Coding of information through the rate of action potentials.

Information is coded by the timing of action potentials' synchrony.

All info about a stimulus is conveyed by a single neuron.

Information about a stimulus is carried by a subset of neurons.

A method to measure electrical activity in the brain using scalp electrodes.

Brain activity measured over time linked to specific cognitive events.

Standard system for placing EEG electrodes consistently on the scalp.

EEG has poor spatial resolution but excellent temporal resolution.

A configuration of positive and negative charges whose alignment indicates direction.

A group of neurons that collectively generate an electrical field.

The analysis of ERP waveforms can relate to cognitive processes via peaks/troughs.

A neuroimaging technique using a radioactive tracer to measure blood flow changes in the brain.

An imaging technique that measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow through hemoglobin's magnetic properties.

A type of measurement that captures dynamic changes in blood flow as an indirect measure of brain function.

Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent signal used in fMRI to study brain activity based on changes in blood oxygen levels.

A volumetric pixel representing a specific 3D unit of data in fMRI, typically about 3mm in size.

A form of hemoglobin lacking oxygen that exhibits paramagnetic properties affecting the magnetic field in fMRI.

Increased energy needs of neurons that arise with their activity, requiring higher oxygen levels.

A stereotypical pattern of blood flow increase in response to neural activity, measured in fMRI studies.