Philosophy of Education: Perennialism Chapter 5
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the curriculum taught by Ecclesiastical Perennialists?

  • Developing intellect while stressing faith and reason (correct)
  • Reading modern literature and fiction
  • Character training and moral development
  • Mastering liberal arts and sciences

    • Who is the patron saint of Catholic schools, colleges, and universities?

  • St. Thomas Aquinas (correct)
  • St. Thomas More
  • St. Augustine
  • St. John the Baptist

    • What is the name of the program that identifies 100 classic literature books to cultivate students' intellect and civilization?

  • The Liberal Arts Curriculum
  • The Great Books of the Western World Program (correct)
  • The Perennialist Philosophy Program
  • The Intellectual Skills Development Program

    • What are the three R's associated with Perennialist intellectual skills?

    <p>Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Lay Perennialist curriculum?

    <p>To cultivate students' intellect and civilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the Lay Perennialist curriculum?

    <p>Liberal arts and sciences, including philosophy and mathematics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why have Perennialists adopted a more uniform approach to curriculum in the last 100 years?

    <p>To reflect the idea of a one-size-fits-all mentality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Ecclesiastical Perennialists from Lay Perennialists?

    <p>Their emphasis on faith and reason versus liberal arts and sciences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary goals of schooling according to Perennialists?

    <p>To search for universal truths and absolutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Perennialism is rooted in which schools of thought?

    <p>Idealism, Realism, and Neo-Thomism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the educational focus of Perennialism?

    <p>On finding universal truths and absolutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of Perennialism as a theory of education?

    <p>Conservative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the teacher in Perennialism?

    <p>To transmit knowledge and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the curriculum in Perennialism?

    <p>On universal truths and absolutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of instruction in Perennialism?

    <p>To transmit knowledge and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the key proponents of Perennialism?

    <p>Not specified in the chapter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of a Perennialist teacher at the elementary level?

    <p>Management and teaching of basic educational skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of material used in Perennialist instruction?

    <p>Classical literature from Western civilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the teacher in a Perennialist classroom?

    <p>Authority figure and disseminator of truth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method of instruction is used to help students think rationally?

    <p>Socratic Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of teaching questioning strategies in Perennialist instruction?

    <p>To facilitate meaningful dialogue about classical literature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following philosophers is associated with the Ecclesiastic Perennialist position?

    <p>St. Thomas Aquinas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Adler, what is the role of the teacher as a seminar leader?

    <p>To illustrate the power of the literature being read through questioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Perennialist philosophy, what is the basis of education?

    <p>The search for truth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Socratic Method in Perennialist instruction?

    <p>To encourage students to think critically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with proposing a curriculum based on the 'Great Books' of Western civilization?

    <p>Robert M. Hutchins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the method of instruction that involves asking students questions to facilitate critical thinking?

    <p>Socratic Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Robert M. Hutchins call the core courses in liberal arts whose content did not change?

    <p>The Permanent Studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the two historical philosophers who greatly influenced the development of Perennialism?

    <p>St. Thomas Aquinas and Jacques Maritain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of education according to Perennialism?

    <p>To develop the mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with the Lay (secular) Perennialist position?

    <p>Robert M. Hutchins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the Perennialist philosophy of education?

    <p>The search for truth and understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common opposition of Adler and Hutchins regarding curricula?

    <p>Access to the same high-quality education for all students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern of Allan Bloom in his book 'The Closing of the American Mind'?

    <p>Cultural illiteracy among university students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the solution proposed by Allan Bloom to address the crisis of cultural illiteracy?

    <p>Teaching and learning about the 'Great Books'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the author of the book 'The Closing of the American Mind'?

    <p>Allan Bloom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the philosophy of Perennialism?

    <p>Teaching and learning about the 'Great Books'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of Perennialists regarding education?

    <p>Preserving and transmitting cultural heritage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the context in which Allan Bloom's book 'The Closing of the American Mind' is set?

    <p>University education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common goal of Adler, Hutchins, and Bloom regarding education?

    <p>Providing access to high-quality education for all students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Perennialism

    • Perennialism is a conservative theory of education rooted in idealism, realism, and neo-Thomism.
    • The educational focus of Perennialism is on finding universal truths and absolutes associated with reason and faith.

    Types of Perennialism

    • Ecclesiastical Perennialists:
      • Followed a Christian doctrine.
      • Curriculum focused on developing intellect while stressing faith and reason by creating a relationship with God.
      • Stressed the use of scriptures, catechism, and instruction on Christian dogma.
      • Noted ecclesiastical philosopher: St. Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274).
    • Lay (Secular) Perennialists:
      • Emphasized a strong liberal arts curriculum that included:
        • Philosophy
        • Mathematics
        • History
        • Geography
        • Political science
        • Sociology
        • Theology
        • Languages and literature
        • Physical and life sciences
        • Fine arts and humanities
      • Focused on cultivating students' intellect and civilization.
      • Used the Great Books of the Western World Program to identify 100 classic literature books to be taught.

    Curriculum and Instruction

    • Perennialist teachers focus on management and teaching of basic educational skills at the elementary level.
    • Use of the "Great Books" of Western civilization to support education.
    • Instructional methods:
      • Didactic instruction
      • Coaching
      • Socratic Method
    • Importance of critical thinking and questioning strategies in Perennialist classrooms.

    Teacher's Role

    • Perennialist teachers are seen as authority figures in the classroom.
    • Teachers act as seminar leaders or coaches to disseminate truth and guide students in critical thinking.
    • Use of questioning strategies, such as the Socratic Method, to help students think rationally.

    Key Educators

    • Historically, Perennialism reflects the views of:
      • Plato
      • Aristotle
    • Influential philosophers:
      • St. Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274)
      • Jacques Maritain (1882-1973)
    • Lay (Secular) philosophers:
      • Robert M. Hutchins (1899-1977)
        • Argued for a curriculum based on the "Great Books" of Western civilization.
        • Proposed the "permanent studies" - core courses in liberal arts whose content did not change.
      • Mortimer Adler
      • Allan Bloom
        • Advocated for teaching and learning about the "Great Books" to address "cultural illiteracy" in society.

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    Description

    This chapter explores Perennialism, one of the six philosophies of education, providing a framework for educators to determine broad issues, teaching and learning processes, and activities to stress in schools and classrooms.

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