Questions and Answers
What is the ultimate goal of philosophy?
Love of wisdom
Philosophy is a response to _____ when it fails to address people's questions.
religion
Philosophy investigates specific objects like other sciences.
False
According to Thales, what is the fundamental principle of all existence?
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What does Divine Command Theory assert?
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What does Virtue Ethics focus on?
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What is Empiricism?
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Logic comes from the Greek word _____ which means treatise on matters pertaining to human thought.
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According to Plato, what we experience in the physical world is real.
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What is the ultimate goal of philosophy?
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What is the Greek origin of the word 'philosophy'?
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Philosophy only develops independently of religion.
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What type of investigation distinguishes philosophy from other sciences?
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What does philosophy examine through the natural light of reason?
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Philosophy denies that a thing can be and not be at the same time; everything must be either ___ or not be.
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Match the concepts with their philosophical views:
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According to Plato, what does he believe about the physical world we experience?
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What do natural law principles guide humanity towards?
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Relativism suggests that actions are morally right within a particular culture or society.
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Who are some proponents of Virtue Ethics?
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Study Notes
Philosophy Overview
- Philosophy seeks to understand fundamental truths about existence, relationships, and the world.
- The term "philosophy" is derived from Greek words: "philo" (love) and "sophia" (wisdom).
- Philosophers are thus defined as lovers of wisdom.
Role of Philosophy
- Often developed as a reaction to religion when religious answers are deemed insufficient.
- Employs systematic and ordered approaches akin to scientific methods.
- Investigates themes holistically, unlike other sciences which focus on specific objects.
Nature and Existence
- Philosophy explores the origins and essential principles of all things, identifying first causes and highest principles.
- Asserts that every entity (thing, idea, person) must possess a name and characteristics to exist.
- Emphasizes that contradictions (something cannot both be and not be) are logically untenable.
Understanding Reality
- Advocates for a need to suspend judgment and explore concepts of reality.
- Differentiates between perceived reality (temporary) and True Reality (fundamental source of all).
- True Reality may extend beyond sensory perception, suggesting an underlying essence.
Historical Perspectives on Reality
- Thales posited that water is the fundamental principle behind all existence.
- Plato argued that sensory experiences are not truly real; true reality represents deeper existential concepts.
Moral Philosophy
- Explores distinctions between good and evil, right and wrong, examining moral virtues.
- Queries the nature of happiness and humanity's ultimate destiny based on Natural Law and Divine Command theories.
- Divine Command Theory states that moral obligations derive from God's commands; while Natural Law focuses on human flourishing.
Ethical Theories
- Teleological Theory: Emphasizes outcomes and moral choices that benefit the greatest number.
- Deontological Ethics (Kantianism): Morality is derived from duties regardless of personal feelings or outcomes.
- Relativism: Morality is defined by societal norms and context.
- Virtue Ethics: Concentrates on character development and the pursuit of a good life, as articulated by philosophers like Socrates and Aristotle.
Epistemology
- Investigates the nature, sources, limitations, and validity of knowledge.
- Empiricism: Asserts that knowledge arises from sensory experiences and observable facts.
- Deduction: Involves deriving general laws to understand specific facts.
Logic in Philosophy
- Logic deals with correct reasoning; the term originates from "logike," meaning matters pertaining to human thought.
- It does not provide knowledge directly but assesses the validity and truth of arguments regarding various subjects.
Philosophy Overview
- Philosophy seeks to understand fundamental truths about existence, relationships, and the world.
- The term "philosophy" is derived from Greek words: "philo" (love) and "sophia" (wisdom).
- Philosophers are thus defined as lovers of wisdom.
Role of Philosophy
- Often developed as a reaction to religion when religious answers are deemed insufficient.
- Employs systematic and ordered approaches akin to scientific methods.
- Investigates themes holistically, unlike other sciences which focus on specific objects.
Nature and Existence
- Philosophy explores the origins and essential principles of all things, identifying first causes and highest principles.
- Asserts that every entity (thing, idea, person) must possess a name and characteristics to exist.
- Emphasizes that contradictions (something cannot both be and not be) are logically untenable.
Understanding Reality
- Advocates for a need to suspend judgment and explore concepts of reality.
- Differentiates between perceived reality (temporary) and True Reality (fundamental source of all).
- True Reality may extend beyond sensory perception, suggesting an underlying essence.
Historical Perspectives on Reality
- Thales posited that water is the fundamental principle behind all existence.
- Plato argued that sensory experiences are not truly real; true reality represents deeper existential concepts.
Moral Philosophy
- Explores distinctions between good and evil, right and wrong, examining moral virtues.
- Queries the nature of happiness and humanity's ultimate destiny based on Natural Law and Divine Command theories.
- Divine Command Theory states that moral obligations derive from God's commands; while Natural Law focuses on human flourishing.
Ethical Theories
- Teleological Theory: Emphasizes outcomes and moral choices that benefit the greatest number.
- Deontological Ethics (Kantianism): Morality is derived from duties regardless of personal feelings or outcomes.
- Relativism: Morality is defined by societal norms and context.
- Virtue Ethics: Concentrates on character development and the pursuit of a good life, as articulated by philosophers like Socrates and Aristotle.
Epistemology
- Investigates the nature, sources, limitations, and validity of knowledge.
- Empiricism: Asserts that knowledge arises from sensory experiences and observable facts.
- Deduction: Involves deriving general laws to understand specific facts.
Logic in Philosophy
- Logic deals with correct reasoning; the term originates from "logike," meaning matters pertaining to human thought.
- It does not provide knowledge directly but assesses the validity and truth of arguments regarding various subjects.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental truths of philosophy concerning the human person. Delve into the meanings of love and wisdom as expressed in the origins of the term 'philosopher'. Understand how philosophy shapes our relationships and perceptions of the world.
