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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
What is the etymological meaning of the term 'philosophy'?
What is the etymological meaning of the term 'philosophy'?
- Knowledge of Nature
- Study of Existence
- Rational Inquiry
- Love of Wisdom (correct)
Which branch of philosophy deals with moral principles?
Which branch of philosophy deals with moral principles?
- Aesthetics
- Epistemology
- Ethics (correct)
- Metaphysics
Who is credited with formulating the Pythagorean Theorem?
Who is credited with formulating the Pythagorean Theorem?
- Pythagoras (correct)
- Thales of Miletus
- Heraclitus
- Aristotle
What concept is predominantly associated with Heraclitus?
What concept is predominantly associated with Heraclitus?
Which philosopher believed that numbers explain reality?
Which philosopher believed that numbers explain reality?
What is the focus of epistemology as a branch of philosophy?
What is the focus of epistemology as a branch of philosophy?
Which branch of philosophy addresses the nature of reality?
Which branch of philosophy addresses the nature of reality?
Where is generally considered the birthplace of Philosophy in the West?
Where is generally considered the birthplace of Philosophy in the West?
Which philosopher is known for the theory that everything that exists is based on an idea or template?
Which philosopher is known for the theory that everything that exists is based on an idea or template?
What philosophical method is credited to Socrates that involves a dialectic approach to elicit truth?
What philosophical method is credited to Socrates that involves a dialectic approach to elicit truth?
Which philosopher is recognized as the father of logic for formalizing a system of reasoning?
Which philosopher is recognized as the father of logic for formalizing a system of reasoning?
What principle did Democritus propose regarding the composition of matter?
What principle did Democritus propose regarding the composition of matter?
What is the significance of the philosophical contributions made during the time of the three Greek Triumvirate?
What is the significance of the philosophical contributions made during the time of the three Greek Triumvirate?
What is the primary focus of Epicurus's philosophy?
What is the primary focus of Epicurus's philosophy?
Which statement accurately describes the philosophical approach of Aristotle?
Which statement accurately describes the philosophical approach of Aristotle?
Who is referred to as the Father of Modern Philosophy?
Who is referred to as the Father of Modern Philosophy?
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Study Notes
Study Notes
The Nature of Philosophy
- Philosophy, derived from Greek words "Philos" (love) and "Sophia" (wisdom), literally means "Love of Wisdom."
- It utilizes human reason to investigate ultimate causes, principles, and reasons governing all things.
Core Branches of Philosophy
- Metaphysics: Examines the nature of reality and existence; explores fundamental aspects of being.
- Epistemology: Investigates nature and limitations of knowledge; distinguishes justified belief from opinion.
- Ethics: A system of moral principles addressing acceptable and unacceptable conduct; deals with moral dilemmas.
- Aesthetics: Focuses on the nature and appreciation of art, beauty, and taste.
- Logic: Concerned with the principles of correct reasoning.
The Beginnings of Doing Philosophy
- Philosophers are individuals who engage in the study of philosophy, known as "lovers of wisdom."
- Ancient Greece is recognized as the birthplace of Western Philosophy.
Influential Philosophers
- Thales of Miletus (624 – 546 BCE): First Western philosopher; proposed that all nature develops from a single source (One in the Many).
- Pythagoras (570 – 495 BCE): Mathematician who introduced the Pythagorean Theorem and the term philosophy; believed numbers are fundamental to understanding reality.
- Heraclitus (535 – 475 BCE): Introduced the concept of logos; emphasized that change is the only constant ("No man ever steps in the same river twice"); identified fire as the first principle.
- Democritus (460 – 370 BCE): Studied natural phenomena; suggested that matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms.
- Diogenes of Sinope (460 – 370 BCE): Advocated for simple living; influenced schools like Cynicism and Stoicism.
- Epicurus (341 – 270 BCE): Asserted that philosophy is a means to live a happy life.
The Greek Triumvirate
- Socrates (470 – 399 BCE): Considered the Father of Western Philosophy; developed the Socratic Method, a questioning technique aimed at stimulating critical thinking and illuminating ideas.
- Plato (427 – 347 BCE): Student of Socrates; known for the Theory of Forms, asserting that reality is based on ideal templates; founded the Academy; utilized dialectic method for inquiry.
- Aristotle (384 – 322 BCE): Student at Plato's Academy; focused on sensory perception as the basis of reality; recognized as the Father of Logic for formalizing reasoning systems.
Modern Philosophy
- René Descartes (1596 – 1650): Regarded as the Father of Modern Philosophy; famous for the quote "Cogito, ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am), emphasizing rational thought as the foundation of knowledge.
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