Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person
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Questions and Answers

What is the etymological meaning of the term 'philosophy'?

  • Knowledge of Nature
  • Study of Existence
  • Rational Inquiry
  • Love of Wisdom (correct)
  • Which branch of philosophy deals with moral principles?

  • Aesthetics
  • Epistemology
  • Ethics (correct)
  • Metaphysics
  • Who is credited with formulating the Pythagorean Theorem?

  • Pythagoras (correct)
  • Thales of Miletus
  • Heraclitus
  • Aristotle
  • What concept is predominantly associated with Heraclitus?

    <p>The permanence of change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher believed that numbers explain reality?

    <p>Pythagoras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of epistemology as a branch of philosophy?

    <p>Justified belief versus opinion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of philosophy addresses the nature of reality?

    <p>Metaphysics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is generally considered the birthplace of Philosophy in the West?

    <p>Ancient Greece</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher is known for the theory that everything that exists is based on an idea or template?

    <p>Plato</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What philosophical method is credited to Socrates that involves a dialectic approach to elicit truth?

    <p>Elenchus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher is recognized as the father of logic for formalizing a system of reasoning?

    <p>Aristotle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle did Democritus propose regarding the composition of matter?

    <p>Matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the philosophical contributions made during the time of the three Greek Triumvirate?

    <p>It allowed philosophy to flourish, leading to new concepts of happiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Epicurus's philosophy?

    <p>The pursuit of happiness through simple pleasures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the philosophical approach of Aristotle?

    <p>He believed reality is derived from sensory experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is referred to as the Father of Modern Philosophy?

    <p>René Descartes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Nature of Philosophy

    • Philosophy, derived from Greek words "Philos" (love) and "Sophia" (wisdom), literally means "Love of Wisdom."
    • It utilizes human reason to investigate ultimate causes, principles, and reasons governing all things.

    Core Branches of Philosophy

    • Metaphysics: Examines the nature of reality and existence; explores fundamental aspects of being.
    • Epistemology: Investigates nature and limitations of knowledge; distinguishes justified belief from opinion.
    • Ethics: A system of moral principles addressing acceptable and unacceptable conduct; deals with moral dilemmas.
    • Aesthetics: Focuses on the nature and appreciation of art, beauty, and taste.
    • Logic: Concerned with the principles of correct reasoning.

    The Beginnings of Doing Philosophy

    • Philosophers are individuals who engage in the study of philosophy, known as "lovers of wisdom."
    • Ancient Greece is recognized as the birthplace of Western Philosophy.

    Influential Philosophers

    • Thales of Miletus (624 – 546 BCE): First Western philosopher; proposed that all nature develops from a single source (One in the Many).
    • Pythagoras (570 – 495 BCE): Mathematician who introduced the Pythagorean Theorem and the term philosophy; believed numbers are fundamental to understanding reality.
    • Heraclitus (535 – 475 BCE): Introduced the concept of logos; emphasized that change is the only constant ("No man ever steps in the same river twice"); identified fire as the first principle.
    • Democritus (460 – 370 BCE): Studied natural phenomena; suggested that matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms.
    • Diogenes of Sinope (460 – 370 BCE): Advocated for simple living; influenced schools like Cynicism and Stoicism.
    • Epicurus (341 – 270 BCE): Asserted that philosophy is a means to live a happy life.

    The Greek Triumvirate

    • Socrates (470 – 399 BCE): Considered the Father of Western Philosophy; developed the Socratic Method, a questioning technique aimed at stimulating critical thinking and illuminating ideas.
    • Plato (427 – 347 BCE): Student of Socrates; known for the Theory of Forms, asserting that reality is based on ideal templates; founded the Academy; utilized dialectic method for inquiry.
    • Aristotle (384 – 322 BCE): Student at Plato's Academy; focused on sensory perception as the basis of reality; recognized as the Father of Logic for formalizing reasoning systems.

    Modern Philosophy

    • René Descartes (1596 – 1650): Regarded as the Father of Modern Philosophy; famous for the quote "Cogito, ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am), emphasizing rational thought as the foundation of knowledge.

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    Description

    Explore the foundational concepts of philosophy in this introductory quiz. Lesson 1 focuses on the meaning and methods involved in philosophical thinking, emphasizing the love of wisdom and its significance. This quiz is essential for understanding the basic tenets of philosophical inquiry.

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